8.1 Introduction Unlike the minimal trial-and-error approach, a systematic drug-product development process (also known as “quality by design,” QbD) includes prior knowledge, the results of experimental designs, quality risk management,…
9.1 Introduction The finished-product specifications define the quality that every product must exhibit in order to fulfill the requirements of safety and efficacy. These critical quality aspects are identified and…
5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 The Complexities and Challenges of Aerosol Performance Arguably, aerosol drug-delivery systems (inhalers) represent the most complex of medicinal products. Understanding the scientific principles and mechanisms that determine…
1.1 Introduction The lung offers a unique and challenging route for drug delivery for the treatment of local respiratory and systemic diseases. Advances in drug formulation and inhalation device design…
7.1 Proteins and Peptides for Inhalation Proteins are polymers consisting of amino acids covalently linked by peptide bonds. Peptides are small proteins composed of up to a few dozen amino…
Fig. 22.1 Proximal nail fold epithelium (200×) Fig. 22.2 Nail plate with nail bed epithelium (1000×) Fig. 22.3 Nail plate with nail bed epithelium (400×) Fig. 22.4 Nail matrix lining…
Fig. 17.1 Adult with multiple FDE due to a Cephalosporin Fig. 17.2 Recurrent localized FDE. Hyperpigmented patch with surrounding violaceous erythema Fig. 17.3 Bulla formation in localized FDE The first…
Fig. 29.1 Xerosis: significant dryness of the skin of the foot Fig. 29.2 Xerosis: fissures of the hands Dry skin can be attributed to abnormal keratinocyte differentiation, which leads to…
Condition Appearance Location Histopathology Associations Sweet’s syndrome Papules, plaques, nodules Head, neck, upper extremity Massive papillary dermal edema, nodular and diffuse neutrophilic infiltration with karyorrhexis Fever, leukocytosis, arthralgias Pyoderma gangrenosum…
Warfarin-induced skin necrosis Heparin-induced skin necrosis Heparin delayed-type hypersensitivity Incidence 0.01–0.1 % UFH: <3 % LMWH: <0.1 % 7.5 % Onset 90 % day 3–6 Almost all by day…
