Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
POLYURIA By history, it is often difficult for patients to distinguish urinary frequency (often of small volumes) from true polyuria (>3 L/d), and a quantification of volume by 24-h urine…
Intestinal Nematode Infections
It is now appreciated that genotypes of T. gondii prevalent in South America may be more virulent than those typically seen in North America or Europe. These genotypes may be…
Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections
236 Histoplasmosis Chadi A. Hage, L. Joseph Wheat ETIOLOGY Histoplasma capsulatum, a thermal dimorphic fungus, is the etiologic agent of histoplasmosis. In most endemic areas, H. capsulatum var. capsulatum is…
Gait and Balance Disorders
PYROGENS The term pyrogen (Greek pyro, “fire”) is used to describe any substance that causes fever. Exogenous pyrogens are derived from outside the patient; most are microbial products, microbial toxins,…
Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebas
247 Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebas Rosa M. Andrade, Sharon L. Reed AMEBIASIS DEFINITION Amebiasis is an infection with the intestinal protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. About 90% of infections are…
Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
274 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial Node David D. Spragg, Gordon F. Tomaselli Electrical activation of the heart normally originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the predominant pacemaker. Other…
Inherited Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism in Adults
Molecular Defects More than 90% of patients clinically classified as having MFS by the “Ghent criteria” have a mutation in the gene for fibrillin-1 (FBN1). Mutations in the same gene are…
Chagas Disease and African Trypanosomiasis
247 Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebas Rosa M. Andrade, Sharon L. Reed AMEBIASIS DEFINITION Amebiasis is an infection with the intestinal protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. About 90% of infections are…
Pneumocystis Infections
236 Histoplasmosis Chadi A. Hage, L. Joseph Wheat ETIOLOGY Histoplasma capsulatum, a thermal dimorphic fungus, is the etiologic agent of histoplasmosis. In most endemic areas, H. capsulatum var. capsulatum is…
The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial Node
274 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial Node David D. Spragg, Gordon F. Tomaselli Electrical activation of the heart normally originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the predominant pacemaker. Other…
