Gallstones
Gallstones DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • May be asymptomatic or cause biliary colic with irregular pain-free intervals of days or months. • Real-time ultrasonography provides definitive diagnosis. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Gallstones are a “Western…
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
Fibrocystic Breast Disease DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Very common: 20%-40% of premenopausal women. • Pain or premenstrual breast pain and tenderness common, although the condition is often asymptomatic. • Cyclic and bilateral with…
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Dermatitis Herpetiformis DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Pruritic, blistering rash usually on extensor surfaces. • Most common in middle-aged white males, although may present in individuals of any age. • Immunoglobulin (Ig) A deposits…
Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive Heart Failure DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Left ventricular failure: exertional dyspnea, cough, fatigue, orthropnea, cardiac enlargement, rales, gallop rhythm, and pulmonary venous congestion. • Right ventricular failure: elevated venous pressure, hepatomegaly,…
Erythema Multiforme
Erythema Multiforme DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Sudden onset of symmetric, erythematous, edematous, macular, papular, urticarial, bullous, or purpuric skin lesions. • Evolves into “target lesions” (“bull’s eye” lesions with clear centers and…
Chronic Candidiasis
Chronic Candidiasis DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Chronic fatigue and malaise • Gastrointestinal bloating and cramps • Vaginal yeast infection • Allergies and/or low immune function • Carbohydrate craving • History of broad-spectrum antibiotic use GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS…
Endometriosis
Endometriosis DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Triad of symptoms: dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility. • Physical examination: reveals one or more of the following: tenderness of the pelvic area and/or cul-de-sac, enlarged or tender ovaries,…
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Numbness, tingling, and/or burning pain on palmar surfaces of first three digits and lateral half of fourth digit of the hand. • Positive Tinel’s sign…
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY • Symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction: progressive urinary frequency, urgency and nocturia, hesitancy, and intermittency with reduced force and caliber of urine • Enlarged, nontender prostate…
