Drugs for Epilepsy
*Drug possesses more than one mechanism of action Suppression of Sodium Influx Before discussing AED actions, we need to review sodium channel physiology. Neuronal action potentials are propagated by influx…
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease
Figure 62.1 The relationship of mucosal defenses and aggressive factors to health and peptic ulcer disease. When aggressive factors outweigh mucosal defenses, gastritis and peptic ulcers result. NSAIDs, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Defensive…
Drugs for the Skin
Figure 85.1 Anatomy of the skin. A, Major structures of the skin. B, Growth layers of the epidermis. Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is composed almost…
Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs
Figure 44.1 Mechanism of platelet aggregation and actions of antiplatelet drugs. A, Multiple factors—thromboxane A2 (TXA2), thrombin, collagen, platelet-activating factor (PAF), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)—promote activation of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor….
Opioid Analgesics, Opioid Antagonists, and Nonopioid Centrally Acting Analgesics
Pure Opioid Agonists Morphine Agonist-Antagonist Opioids Pentazocine Pure Opioid Antagonists Naloxone Basic Pharmacology of the Opioids Morphine Morphine is the prototype of the strong opioid analgesics and remains the standard…
Antifungal Agents
] belongs to a drug class known as polyene antibiotics, so named because their structures contain a series of conjugated double bonds. Nystatin, another antifungal drug, is in the same…
Antipsychotic Agents and Their Use in Schizophrenia
Traditional Antipsychotics Chlorpromazine (a low-potency agent) Haloperidol (a high-potency agent) Atypical Antipsychotic Clozapine Three Types of Symptoms Symptoms of schizophrenia can be divided into three groups: positive symptoms, negative symptoms,…
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
First-Generation Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Aspirin Ibuprofen Second-Generation NSAID (Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor) Celecoxib Drug That Lacks Antiinflammatory Actions Acetaminophen Aspirin Aspirin is a highly valuable and effective medication. The drug…
Antidepressants
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Fluoxetine Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Venlafaxine Tricyclic Antidepressant Imipramine Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Phenelzine Atypical Antidepressant Bupropion Drugs Used for Depression Drugs are the primary therapy for major…
Muscarinic Agonists and Antagonists
] embodies the properties that typify all muscarinic agonists and will serve as our prototype for the group. Mechanism of Action Bethanechol is a direct-acting muscarinic agonist. The drug binds…
