Basicmedical Key

Definitions Hypoxia is defined as a lack of O2 (usually meaning lack of O2 delivery to tissues or cells). Hypoxaemia is a lack of O2 in arterial blood (low PaO2)….

Definitions Stomas A stoma is an opening from a hollow viscus connecting it to the skin surface. A gastrostomy is an opening into the stomach which is maintained by inserting…

Definition Any swelling in or on the scrotum or its contents. Key Points Always evaluate scrotal swellings for extension to the groin. If present they are almost always inguinoscrotal hernias….

Definitions Haematuria is the passage of blood in the urine. Frank haematuria is the presence of blood on macroscopic examination, while microscopic haematuria indicates that RBCs are only seen on…

Definitions Urinary retention is defined as an inability to micturate (pass urine). Acute urinary retention is the sudden inability to micturate in the presence of a painful bladder. Chronic urinary…

Definition An ulcer is defined as an area of discontinuity of the surface epithelium. A leg ulcer is an area of ulceration anywhere on the lower limb but usually sited…

Definitions Dysuria is defined as a pain that arises from an irritation of the urethra and is felt during micturition. Frequency indicates increased passage of urine during the daytime; nocturia…

Definition The ‘acute cold leg’ is a clinical syndrome comprising sudden onset of symptoms indicative of the presence of ischaemia sufficient to threaten the viability of the limb or part…

Definitions Acute leg pain is a subjective, unpleasant sensation felt somewhere in the lower limb. Referred pain is the perception of pain in an area remote from the site of…

Definition Intermittent claudication is defined as an aching pain in the leg muscles, usually the calf, that is precipitated by walking and is relieved by rest. Key Points Claudication pain…