Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Figure 84.1. Anatomic Types of Interatrial Communications (see text for description). Atrial septal defect (ASD) 1° denotes primum ASD; ASD 2° denotes secundum ASD. In young adults, the dominant interatrial…
Neurology Summary
EVALUATION OF SENSORY SYMPTOMS Sensory symptoms may arise from lesions in the peripheral nerve, or in central sensory pathways from the dorsal columns and spinothalamic tracts as they traverse the…
Electrolyte Disorders
osmoreceptors Carotid sinusAfferent arterioleAtriaEffectors AVP Thirst Sympathetic nervous systemRenin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemANP/BNPAVP What is affected Urine osmolality Water intake Urinary sodium excretionVascular tone NOTES: See text for details. AVP = arginine vasopressin;…
Cardiology Summary
Figure 88.1. The Framingham 10-year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Calculator. Point of care assessment for cardiovascular disease risk may be performed using various validated risk models. In the Framingham risk calculator,…
Pulmonary Medicine Board Review Questions
Figure 44.1. Posteroanterior chest x-ray for Question 9. QUESTION 10–14. For each of the five following statements (10–14), indicate whether it pertains to patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease…
Hemodynamic Monitoring in the ICU
Figure 40.1. West Lung Zones. PA catheter should be placed in Zone 3 where both arterial and venous pressures are greater than alveolar pressures. If truly a reflection of LAP,…
Acid–Base Disturbances
When this calculation is carried through in a patient with metabolic acidosis, recognized as a fall in both pH and HCO3 concentration, a comparison can be made between the calculated…
Chronic Kidney Disease
NOTE: *GFR expressed in mL/min/1.73 m2. SCREENING FOR CKD Screening for CKD is cost-effective in high-risk populations such as African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics, and in patients with diabetes mellitus…
Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin Lymphoma
Figure 15.1. Overview of the Lymphatic System. Central lymphoid organs (red) are the bone marrow, where B-cell development occurs, and the thymus, where T-cell development occurs. Peripheral lymphoid organs (green)…
Dermatology for the Internist
Figure 98.1. Biopsy proven SCC presenting as a tender hyperkeratotic nodule. Figure 98.2. Typical Velvety Plaque of Bowen Disease. SCC in situ. NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCERS The most common cancer of…
