respiratory system
5 The respiratory system Disease of the respiratory tract accounts for more consultations with general practitioners than any other of the body systems. It is also responsible for more new…
nose and throat
4 Ear, nose and throat The ear Structure of the ear A diagrammatic cross-section of the external, middle and inner parts of the ear is shown in Figure 4.1. Fig….
male genitalia
9 The male genitalia Unlike the female genitalia, the male organs are readily accessible for examination. As for women, taking a sexual case history and examining a male is embarrassing…
medical history and record taking
1 Consultation, medical history and record taking The ability to take an accurate medical history from a patient is one of the core clinical skills and an essential component of…
Arterial Blood Gases
Figure 41.1. Oxygen dissociation curve. Source: This figure was published in Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Hurst HW. Clinical Methods, 3rd ed. 1990:256. Boston: Butterworths. © Elsevier. Although they…
EKG Refresher
Figure 86.1. Normal Rate and Intervals. Provided regular rhythm, heart rate = 1500/# of small boxes between two consecutive R waves or 300/# of large boxes between two consecutive R…
Board Practice 1
Figure 107.1. Image of the skin rash from the patient described in Question 2. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Inadequately treated Lyme disease B. Babesiosis C. Malaria D….
Chest X-Ray Refresher
Figure 37.1. Hemoptysis: chest x-ray 1. The differential diagnosis of a pulmonary cavity includes tuberculosis, bacterial lung abscess, lung cancer, and pulmonary vasculitis (e.g., granulomatosis with polyangiitis). The upper lobe…
Urinalysis
SOURCE: Woo K, Lau YK. Singapore Med J. 2001;42(8):385–389. Summary of Key Points in Proteinuria • Urine dipstick test is most sensitive to albumin and less sensitive to low-molecular-weight proteins….
Anemia and Hemoglobinopathies
Figure 19.1. Normal blood smear. The RI is the reticulocyte count corrected for the degree of anemia in an individual. It is calculated as follows: where 40% is a normal…
