Preservatives (type) Example Mechanism/property Concern/Advantage Detergents Benzalkonium chloride (0.001–0.02%) Disrupts microbial cell membrane due to its charge-related binding. Excellent disinfectant activity and wide spectrum Disrupts corneal and conjunctival cell and…
Fig. 7.1 Aqueous humor (AH) outflow pathway (abbreviation: CE corneal epithelium, CEn corneal endothelium, SC Schlemm’s canal, TM trabecular meshwork) Table 7.1 Classification of drugs, their target, and expected pharmacological…
S. no. Ocular condition Herbs reported to have beneficial effect 1 Dry eye Natural polymer (gum) from tamarind seed, curcumin 2. Glaucoma Foeniculum vulgare, Lycium barbarum, Gingko biloba, Coleus forskohlii,…
Drug Route Dosing Indication Amphotericin B Topical 1.5–5 mg/ml First choice in keratitis by yeasts Intrastromal 5–10 μg/0.1 ml Deep keratitis with partial response to topical treatment Intracameral 5–10 μg/0.1…
Fig. 2.1 Schematic of target areas in ocular research 2.3 Anti-VEGF Therapy Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been associated with retinal diseases such as AMD, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Thirumurthy Velpandian (ed.)Pharmacology of Ocular Therapeutics10.1007/978-3-319-25498-2_8 8. Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents for Ocular Use Rajani Mathur1, 2 and Renu Agarwal3 (1) Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and…
Gene Population Treatment Duration of treatment SNP (Allele) Nucleotide variant Response to anti-VEGF therapy Reference VEGF A 394/Korean BVZ/RBZ 12–24 months rs3025039 [C/T] VA gain Park et al. (2014) 94/Spanish…
(8) Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 9.2.1 Introduction/Definition Also known as photochemotherapy, it is…
Drug MOA Systemic side effects References Cycloplegics: Atropine, hyoscine, homatropine (rarely) and cyclopentolate Muscarinic receptor antagonists Dryness and flushing of skin, thirst, tachycardia, convulsion, coma and dysarthria (especially in infants),…
∗ Adopted July 16, 2006, modified July 15, 2007, February 5, 2009. Available at http://www.cspsteam.org/patientmonitoring/patientmonitoring.html. In the second part of this chapter we begin a discussion of anesthesia. The term anesthesia…
