Specimen Handling, Whipple
May or may not include pylorus, depending on whether it was pylorus-sparing procedure • Ampulla of Vater • Common bile duct • Pancreas Anatomic Orientation • Duodenum Free proximal end usually shorter than free…
Hepatoblastoma
Pure fetal epithelial histology is associated with favorable prognosis Embryonal and fetal epithelial patterns often seen together Macrotrabecular is composed of fetal or embryonal type cells in wide trabeculae Small…
Hepatic Adenoma
May regress after withdrawal of oral contraceptives • Associated with obesity or ethanol use Clinical Issues • Typically in women of reproductive age Noncirrhotic background liver • Symptoms Abdominal pain; acute, intermittent, or…
Regenerative and Dysplastic Nodules
Low-grade dysplastic nodules (LGDNs) resemble RN morphologically but are clonal • High-grade dysplastic nodules (HGDNs): Preneoplastic lesion; likely precursor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Macroscopic • > 1 cm but usually < 3…
Neuroendocrine Tumors of Gallbladder
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm (WDNEN): Grades 1 and 2 Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PDNC): Grade 3 – Small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma Clinical Issues • WDNEN: All tumors have potential to…
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Classified as main duct, combined, or branch duct type Clinical Issues • 20-50% of resected cystic pancreatic tumors Incidence increasing due to increased incidental detection on imaging for other reasons • Most…
Chronic Pancreatitis
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma and CP may coexist Microscopic • Fibrosis and chronic inflammation Variable extent and distribution of fibrosis Irregular atrophy and obliteration of pancreatic acini and ducts Retention of normal lobular…
Epstein-Barr Virus
Usually represents liver involvement by infectious mononucleosis Elevated serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels Self limited in majority of cases • EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders In immunocompromised individuals due to uncontrolled…
Autoimmune Hepatitis
3 types, based on identification of serum autoantibodies Clinical Issues • Affects patients of all ages, predominantly women • Chronic disease by definition but may present clinically as acute or fulminant hepatitis…
Biliary Atresia
1:5,000 to 1:19,000 newborns Clinical Issues • Most common cause of pathologic infant jaundice Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia – Neonatal jaundice – Dark urine and pale stools – Hepatomegaly • Associated extrahepatic congenital anomalies present in up…
