Screening and Adult Immunizations
CANCER SCREENING Research evidence has often been inadequate to reach definitive conclusions regarding how, when, whom, and whether to screen for various cancers. The guidelines below are a synthesis of…
Musculoskeletal Complaints
Diagnostic Testing Imaging Plain radiography of the cervical spine should be used judiciously in patients with nonspecific mechanical neck pain. Use of plain radiographs in evaluating neck pain has two…
Common Gastrointestinal Complaints
Diagnostic Testing When esophageal dysphagia is suspected, endoscopy is the initial test to visualize the mucosa directly with biopsy of suspicious lesions and/or biopsy of the midesophagus for eosinophilic esophagitis….
Sleep Disorders
APAP, autotitrating positive airway pressure; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure. Surgical Management Patients who want to consider surgery for OSA should be evaluated by an otolaryngologist to determine whether the…
Palliative Care and Hospice Medicine
aBased on 1992 U.S. Vital Statistic Data published by the Institute of Medicine in 1997. Data from Committee on Care at the End of Life, Institute of Medicine; Field MJ,…
Endocrine Diseases
T3, triiodothyronine; T4, thyroxine; TBG, thyroxine-binding globulin; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone. Hypothyroidism GENERAL PRINCIPLES Primary hypothyroidism (due to disease of the thyroid itself) accounts for >90% of cases.1 Hypothyroidism is readily…
Valvular Heart Disease
Figure 9-1 Evaluation of heart murmurs. (Modified from Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al. 2008 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients…
