15 Transfusion Medicine
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this Chapter is to provide some basic information about transfusion medicine (TM). In order to provide care to patients, training and/or experience in TM is necessary….
1 FALTs: Factors Affecting Laboratory Tests
WHAT CAUSES ABNORMAL TEST RESULTS (BESIDES DISEASE)? The total testing process defines the preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases of laboratory testing and serves as the basis for designing and implementing…
Nutrition and Obesity
Figure 22-1 United States Department of Agriculture MyPlate. (From http://www.choosemyplate.gov [last accessed 1/5/15]) Calculating Energy Requirements Total energy expenditure = basal metabolic rate (BMR) + the energy expenditure of activity…
Neurologic Disorders
DIAGNOSIS Headaches are divided into primary and secondary types. Primary headache syndromes are not associated with other diseases and include migraine, tension-type, and cluster headaches. Secondary headaches are common manifestations…
Otolaryngology
EAC, external auditory canal; OM, otitis media; TM, tympanic membrane. TREATMENT The EAC should be carefully cleaned by flushing out excess cerumen, desquamated skin, purulent material, and any foreign body,…
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma
DIAGNOSIS Clinical Presentation COPD is an insidious disease, with dyspnea being the predominant presenting symptom. However, dyspnea typically does not develop until the FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second)…
Arrhythmia and Syncope
Figure 10-1 Arrhythmia classification. AVB, atrioventricular block; AVNRT, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia; AVRT, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia; bpm, beats per minute; SVT, supraventricular tachycardia; VT, ventricular tachycardia. TACHYARRHYTHMIAS Tachyarrhythmias exhibit a…
General Infectious Diseases
Data from McIsaac WJ, White D, Tannenbaum D, et al. A clinical score to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in patients with sore throat. CMAJ 1998;158:75–83. Diagnostic Testing Throat cultures are…
Psychiatry
TABLE 42-1 Psychiatric Differential Diagnosis for Major Depression5,8 TREATMENT Depression treatment consists of three phases15,16: Acute therapy (usually 6 to 12 weeks) Continuation (4 to 9 months), which targets prevention…
Acute Kidney Injury, Glomerulopathy, and Chronic Kidney Disease
Postrenal Failure Ureteral obstruction (e.g., calculus, tumor, clot, sloughed papillae, and external compression) Bladder outlet obstruction (e.g., prostatic hypertrophy, neurogenic bladder, carcinoma, and urethral stricture) DIAGNOSIS Clinical Presentation History Urine…
