Edible Vaccines
The concept of edible vaccine got impetus after Arntzen and coworkers expressed HBsAg in tobacco. The first edible vaccine was produced in tobacco in 1990 in which 0.02 % recombinant protein…
Proteomics
Fig. 8.1 Information transfer in the central dogma of biology Proteins perform vital functions in the body such as: Catalyzing various biochemical reactions through enzymes. Acting as messengers through neurotransmitters. Acting…
Recent Advances in Stem Cell Research
Fig. 9.1 Symmetric and asymmetric divisions (modified from http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/scireport/chapter1.asp) 9.3.3 Ability to Give Rise to Specialized Cell The ability of stem cells to give rise to specialized cells is a crucial…
DNA Sequencing: Methods and Applications
Fig. 2.1 The reading pattern of autoradiogram 2.3.2 Sanger Method Frederick Sanger developed an alternative method, rather than using chemical cleavage reactions, Sanger opted for a method involving a third form…
Metagenomics: The Exploration of Unculturable Microbial World
Fig. 7.1 Steps in metagenomic analysis . 7.2 Steps in Metagenomic Analysis 7.2.1 DNA Isolation In general, metagenomic DNA isolation strategy should result in representation from a broad range of organisms….
DNA Microarray
Fig. 6.1 Hybridization of the target to the probe in DNA microarray (Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_microarray) Fig. 6.2 The steps involved in a microarray experiment (Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_microarray) 6.4 Types and Fabrication of DNA Microarrays…
Biosensors
Fig. 10.1 Schematic diagram of biosensor Biosensor consists of a biological entity such as an enzyme, antibody or nucleic acid that interacts with an analyte and produces a signal that is…
High Capacity Vectors
Vector Host Insert size Plasmid E.coli 5–25 kb λ phage E.coli 35–45 kb P1 phage E.coli 70–100 kb PACs E.coli 100–300kb BACs E.coli <300 kb YACs Saccharomyces cerevisae 200–2000kb Human…
Gene Therapy
Disease Gene therapy Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) Adenosine deaminase (ADA) Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) Sickle cell anemia β-Globin Hemophilia Factor IX Thalassemia α or β–Globin Peripheral artery…
Future of Biotechnology Companies: A Global Perspective
Life sciences clusters of North America Seattle, USA San Francisco, USA Los Angeles, USA San Diego, USA Saskatoon, Canada Minneapolis/St. Paul/Rochester USA Austin, USA Toronto, Canada Montreal, Canada Boston, USA…
