Population Drug and dose Noise Outcome Attias et al. (1994) 300 normal-hearing (<20 dB HL from 1 to 8 kHz) recruits completing 2 months of basic training; ages 17.7–18.5…
Fig. 2.1 Redox chemistry of free radicals in vivo. Oxygen (O2) reacts slowly to accept a single electron and produce superoxide (O2 •−) in vivo [1], while two electrons can…
Staecker H, Zheng QY, Van De Water TR (2001) Oxidative stress in aging in the C57B16/J mouse cochlea. Acta Otolaryngol 121(6):666–672PubMedCentralPubMed Suemori S, Shimazawa M, Kawase K, Satoh M, Nagase…
Modifiable Non-modifiable Noise and hearing protection use Age Diet Sex Other lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise) Race/ethnicity Other environmental determinants (e.g., chemicals) Genetics Possibly modifiable Health, disease, medications Socioeconomic status/education…
Fig. 5.1 Proposed mechanisms of oxidative stress by redox-inactive toxic metals 5.2 Lead Lead is a bluish-gray metal found naturally in the earth’s crust. Because of its versatility, lead has…
Fig. 4.1 A highly stylized auditory hair cell is drawn in this schematic. The cell is depicted to be under the stress of typical pathological triggers of noise, aging, and…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Josef Miller, Colleen G. Le Prell and Leonard Rybak (eds.)Free Radicals in ENT PathologyOxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice10.1007/978-3-319-13473-4_1 1. Introduction: Free Radicals in ENT Pathology Josef Miller1 , Colleen G. Le…
Patient identification Patient history Specimen loss Specimen identification Specimen adequacy Specimen handling Specimen transportation Accessioning data misentry Many of the errors in the preanalytic phase occur before the specimen ever…
BREAST CARCINOMA Specimen laterality: Procedure: Lymph nodes sampling (required only if lymph nodes are present): a Tumor site/location: Histologic type of Invasive carcinoma: Tumor focality (required only if more than…
Fig. 3.1 The Swiss Cheese Model of error causation. Each slice of cheese represents a step in the health care process. The “holes” represent errors in each individual step, either…
