The Central Nervous System

Chapter 22 The Central Nervous System





REACTION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TO INJURY



2 List the most important pathologic reactions of neurons













7 Describe various forms of intracranial cerebral or cerebellar herniations


Herniations (Fig. 22-1) occur as a result of increased intracranial volume. Most often, they accompany space-occupying lesions, such as tumors, hematomas, or abscesses, but they may also be caused by trauma. The displacement of parts of the brain is morphologically most evident at three herniation sites:







DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS





PHYSICAL INJURY








VASCULAR DISORDERS









INFECTIONS










28 What is tabes dorsalis?


Tabes dorsalis (Fig. 22-2) is a manifestation of tertiary syphilis involving the lumbar spinal cord. Syphilitic meningitis leads to fibrosis, compressing the posterior nerve roots. In normal circumstances, these afferent nerves, originating from the spinal ganglia, form the posterior columns in the spinal cord, and transmit proprioceptive and sensory impulses. Wallerian degeneration that results from the injury of axons entering the spinal cord results in posterior columns. Clinically, these patients experience loss of vibration and proprioception, which affects their gait. Joint degeneration resulting in deformities (Charcot joints) is commonly found.










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Jul 23, 2016 | Posted by in PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE | Comments Off on The Central Nervous System

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