CHAPTER OUTLINE 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Three Theories of Acids and Bases 5.3 Self-Ionization of Water and the pH Scale 5.4 Avoiding Confusion—Use of “Acid” and “Base” and Related Terms 5.5 The Acid Dissociation Constant Ka…
CHAPTER OUTLINE 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Nature of the Carbonyl Group 7.3 Relative Reactivity of Carbonyl-Containing Functional Groups 7.4 Hydration of Aldehydes and Ketones 7.5 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols Box 7.1—Glucuronidation in the…
CHAPTER OUTLINE 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Nucleophiles 6.3 Electrophiles Box 6.1—Electrophiles in cancer drugs 6.4 Leaving Groups 6.5 Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution Reactions—SN2 Box 6.2—SN2 reactions in biological chemistry 6.6 Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution Reactions—SN1 6.7 Neighboring Group Assistance in…
CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Nature of Covalent and Ionic Bonds Box 1.1—Drawing organic molecules 1.3 Polarization of Covalent Bonds 1.4 Atomic Orbitals and Valence Bond Theory 1.5 Hybridization of Orbitals and Tetrahedral Carbon…
CHAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Newman Projections and Dihedral Angles 4.3 Conformations and Energies of Ethane—Torsional Strain 4.4 Conformations and Energies of Larger Acyclic Molecules—Steric Strain 4.5 Conformations of Small Rings Box 4.1—The three major…
CHAPTER OUTLINE 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Formation, Stability, and Molecular Orbital View of Radicals 8.3 Radical Reactions 8.4 Reactions of Molecular Oxygen 8.5 Iron-Mediated Radical Reactions in Drug Metabolism Box 8.1—Fenton chemistry in the action of…
CHAPTER OUTLINE 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Enthalpic and Entropic Contributions to Ligand/Drug Binding 2.3 The Strength of Non-Covalent Interactions 2.4 Desolvation and the Hydrophobic Effect 2.5 Ionic Interactions Box 2.1—Ionic interactions in a proton channel from…
CHAPTER OUTLINE 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Chirality and the Shape of Molecules 3.3 Stereoisomers—Some Important Definitions Box 3.1—Determining isomeric and stereochemical relationships between molecules 3.4 Avoiding Confusion 3.5 Stereoisomers of 1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane 3.6 Chirality Centers 3.7 Assigning the Configuration…
