Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Definitions Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a condition caused by the retrograde passage of gastric contents into the oesophagus resulting in inflammation (oesophagitis), which manifests as dyspepsia. A hiatus hernia…

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Fractures

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Fractures

Definitions A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone. Fractures may be transverse, oblique or spiral in shape. In a greenstick fracture, only one side of the…

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Acute renal failure

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Acute renal failure

Definitions Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden deterioration in renal filtration function. Acute renal failure (ARF) is AKI such that global renal function is no longer capable of excreting…

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Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Definitions Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a systemic inflammatory response characterized by the presence of two or more of the following: Hyperthermia 38°C or hypothermia 36°C. Tachycardia > 90 beats/minute. Tachypnoea…

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Hypoxia

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Hypoxia

Definitions Hypoxia is defined as a lack of O2 (usually meaning lack of O2 delivery to tissues or cells). Hypoxaemia is a lack of O2 in arterial blood (low PaO2)….

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Stomas and incisions

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Stomas and incisions

Definitions Stomas A stoma is an opening from a hollow viscus connecting it to the skin surface. A gastrostomy is an opening into the stomach which is maintained by inserting…

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Scrotal swellings

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Scrotal swellings

Definition Any swelling in or on the scrotum or its contents. Key Points Always evaluate scrotal swellings for extension to the groin. If present they are almost always inguinoscrotal hernias….

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