Valvular heart disease

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Valvular heart disease

Definition Valvular heart disease comprises a group of congenital or acquired conditions characterized by damage to the heart valve(s), resulting in deranged blood flow through the heart chambers. Key Points…

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Pituitary disorders

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Pituitary disorders

Definition Pituitary disorders are characterized either by a failure of secretion of pituitary hormones or by tumours, which cause local pressure effects or specific syndromes due to hormone overproduction. Key…

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Parathyroid disease

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Parathyroid disease

Hyperparathyroidism Definition Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by hypercalcaemia caused by excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Key Points Hyperparathyroidism often presents with vague symptoms to many different specialists. Asymptomatic…

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Pancreatic tumours

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Pancreatic tumours

Definitions Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a malignant lesion of the head, body or tail of the pancreas. Periampullary carcinomas arise around the ampulla of Vater and include tumours arising from the…

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Pancreatitis

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Pancreatitis

Definition Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the exocrine pancreas that results from injury to the acinar cells. It may be acute or chronic. A pancreatic pseudocyst is a persisting…

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Colorectal carcinoma

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Colorectal carcinoma

Definition Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) describes malignant lesions in the mucosa of the colon (65%) or rectum (35%). Key Points Genetic factors have an important role in the pathogenesis of CRC….

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Ulcerative colitis

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Ulcerative colitis

Definition A chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause of the colonic mucosa, usually beginning in the rectum and extending proximally to a variable extent. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease together…

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Crohn’s disease

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Crohn’s disease

Definition Crohn’s disease is a chronic transmural inflammatory disorder of unknown cause affecting the alimentary tract (any part from mouth to anus). Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis together are referred…

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Peptic ulcer disease

Apr 19, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Peptic ulcer disease

Definition A peptic ulcer is a break in the epithelial surface of the stomach or duodenum (or Meckel’s diverticulum) caused by the action of gastric secretions (acid and pepsin) and…

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