Right Calf Pain with Walking
Disease Pathophysiology Symptoms Claudication Atherosclerotic plaque obstructing blood flow Pain with walking Relieved with a few minutes of rest Reproducible at the same walking distance Osteoarthritis of the hip or…
Scrotal Pain
Diagnosis Comments Testicular torsion Tender and swollen testicle that is displaced superiorly; mass may be felt in spermatic cord, absent cremasteric reflex, nausea, vomiting Torsion of testicular or epididymal appendage…
Weight Loss and Early Satiety
Diagnosis Pertinent positives and negatives Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) Burning abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating. History of using a PPI or H2 blocker. Pain presents post-prandially and usually resolves on…
Right Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain
Diagnosis History and physical/other Mimicking features Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Abdominal pain, severe cramps, weight loss, bloody diarrhea, anemia, enterocutaneous fistula/anal fissures (Crohn’s), toxic megacolon (ulcerative colitis) Crohn’s can present…
Shortness of Breath Five Days After Surgery
Diagnosis History and Physical Comments Pneumonia Fever, dyspnea, dullness to percussion, prolonged intubation, aspiration, PPI use → ↑gastric pH leading to ↑gram-negative bacteria growth in stomach Most common cause of…
Right Groin Pain and Limp
Etiology History and Physical Septic arthritis Triad of fever, pain, and impaired range of motion; typically have underlying joint disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) Lyme disease Ixodes tick bite (Borrelia burgdorferi);…
Infant Born with Abdominal Wall Defect
Diagnosis Common features Distinguishing features Gastroschisis Medial abdominal wall defect with evisceration of abdominal contents No membrane over abdominal contents Evisceration usually to the right of umbilical stalk Higher risk…
Burns to the Face, Trunk, and Extremities
Degree Involves Presentation 1st (superficial) Epidermis only Similar to sunburn; localized, painful, dry, blanching redness with no blisters 2nd (superficial partial thickness) All of the epidermis and some dermis Painful,…
Gunshot Wound to the Left Neck
Sign/symptom Significance Stridor Stridor is a sign of upper airway obstruction caused by compression of the trachea from a large hematoma, soft tissue swelling, direct laryngeal injury, or bilateral recurrent…
Abdominal Pain Following Motor Vehicle Accident
Type of shock Clinical scenario Mechanism Hypovolemic Any blunt or penetrating trauma with hemorrhage; burns Decreased blood and plasma volume Cardiogenic Blunt cardiac injury, arrhythmias, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothoraxa Failure…
