Metaplastic Carcinoma Including Low-grade Adenosquamous Carcinoma Edi Brogi METAPLASTIC CARCINOMA Metaplastic carcinomas are malignant tumors of epithelial origin that exhibit nonglandular morphology, such as squamous, spindle cell, chondroid, and osseous…
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Edi Brogi Mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is morphologically similar to its counterpart in the salivary glands but has a more indolent behavior. Most ACCs of the…
Apocrine Carcinoma Edi Brogi Apocrine cells have abundant, densely eosinophilic cytoplasm and large round nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Apocrine lesions of the breast include apocrine metaplasia, an alteration that is…
Mucinous Carcinoma Edi Brogi Mucinous carcinoma (MC) is composed of neoplastic epithelial clusters admixed with extracellular mucin comprising at least 90% of the tumor. The terms mixed mucinous carcinoma or…
Medullary Carcinoma Frederick C. Koerner As classically described, medullary carcinoma is a well-circumscribed carcinoma composed of poorly differentiated cells with scant stroma and a prominent lymphoid infiltrate. The term atypical…
Tubular Carcinoma Edi Brogi Tubular carcinoma (TC) is a highly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma composed of at least 90% simple monostratified neoplastic tubules with low-grade cytologic atypia (1). TC constitutes…
Fibroepithelial Neoplasms Edi Brogi SCLEROSING LOBULAR HYPERPLASIA (FIBROADENOMATOID MASTOPATHY) Clinical Presentation Sclerosing lobular hyperplasia (SLH) occasionally forms a localized tumor (1,2) and may be associated with tenderness. Age Patient age…
Specific Infections Syed A. Hoda A wide variety of microbial infections caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses can afflict the breast. Most forms of infectious mastitis are a manifestation…
Inflammatory and Reactive Lesions Syed A. Hoda FAT NECROSIS Mammary fat necrosis may occasionally result from incidental trauma; however, presently, the most common causes are previous needling procedures (such as…
Embryology, Development, Histology, and Physiologic Morphology Syed A. Hoda EMBRYOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT The mammary glands develop from mammary ridges (so-called milk lines). The latter are thickenings of the epidermis that…
