Data Management
2: Male9AgeDocument218–6599Age GroupRecode of Age11: 18–352: 36–503: 51–659FBSFasting Blood Glucose3Number 50–450999 Note that we have used 9, 99, and 999 as missing value codes. Such codes are common, but it…
Acquiring High Quality Data
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 29 Acquiring High Quality Data The validity of a study depends on many things, from hypotheses that are based on sound science, to a study design…
Blinding in Observational Studies
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 28 Blinding in Observational Studies Although blinding is typically thought of as something done in interventional studies, it can and should be used in observational studies…
Matching in Observational Studies
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 27 Matching in Observational Studies In Sections 25.4 and 26.3.1 we described the use of multiple cohorts and multiple control groups, respectively. For cohort studies, cohort…
Participants in Case-Control Studies
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 26 Participants in Case-Control Studies Case-control studies are designed to assess whether there is a link between one or more exposures and a particular outcome. The…
Defining Populations for Cohort Studies
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 25 Defining Populations for Cohort Studies Chapter 6 presented an overview of cohort studies, which are observational studies of the relationship between exposures and outcomes in…
Adherence and Compliance
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 24 Adherence and Compliance You, the investigator, want the participants to comply with your study procedures, which involves coming back for study visits as scheduled and…
Techniques to Blind Interventional Studies
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 23 Techniques to Blind Interventional Studies In the previous chapter we described the purpose of blinding and the different levels used. In this chapter we describe…
Blinding in Interventional Studies
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 22 Blinding in Interventional Studies Many measurements in clinical studies have a subjective component that may be influenced by knowledge of the participant’s treatment. Blinding, also…
Techniques for Randomization
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 21 Techniques for Randomization In this chapter we describe methods for creating a randomization schedule for interventional studies. The definition, rationale, and importance of randomization are…
