Mechanisms of Angina Pectoris
Figure 1.1 Scheme of cardiac pain pathway. Pain originated from the heart is transmitted to a second neuron in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which carries out the…
Nicorandil
Figure 6.1 Chemical structure of nicorandil Mechanism of Action Anti-Angina Actions Nicorandil has two distinct anti-angina mechanisms (Fig. 6.2) [1–3]. The nitrate component acts mainly on systemic venous (capacitance) vessels…
Medical Therapy Versus Revascularization in the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris
Figure 11.1 Pooled risk ratios for various end points from six randomised controlled trials comparing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PCTA) with medical treatment in patients with non-acute coronary heart disease;…
Trimetazidine
Study Follow up duration Type of intervention % Patients with angina BARI [1] 1 year CABG, PCI 10 % CABG, 30 % PCI COURAGE [2] 5 years PCI, MT 26…
Ivabradine
Figure 7.1 Role of ivabradine in cardiovascular pathology. I f channels, in the sinoatrial node, are responsible for an inwardly direct current. The selective binding of ivabradine to I f…
Ranolazine
Figure 9.1 Effect of myocardial ischemia on late Na current (lNa) and activation of the vicious circle of events due to lNa. Ranolazine inhibits Calcium overload and thereby improves myocardial…
Beta-Blockers
Drug Partial agonist activity Lipid solubility Active metabolites Peripheral vasodilatation I. Non–selective beta–blocker (beta–1 and beta–2) Alprenolol + Moderate Yes Carteolol + Low Yes (weak) Nadolol 0 Low No Oxprenolol…
An Overview of Treatment and Guidelines: ESC/ACC-AHA/NICE
Figure 2.1 Summary of ESC guidelines for stable angina management (Figure adapted from Task Force Members et al. [1]).aData for patients with diabetesbIf intolerance, consider using clopidogrel Treatment of Atherosclerosis…
New Antianginal Drugs Still Not Available for Clinical Use
Acronyms [reference]/NTC Patients (n) Study design Treatment/comparator Primary end points Outcomes Allopurinol [7]/ISRCTN 82040078 60 R, DB, PC, CO Allopurinol (600 mg/day) or placebo for 6 weeks Time to ST…
