Cardiovascular physiology
The purpose of the cardiovascular system is to ensure perfusion of the tissues with blood, allowing for the delivery of nutrients and oxygen, and the removal of metabolites including CO2….
Cell excitability
Physiological processes (e.g. nervous conduction, the release of transmitters and hormones, muscle contractility) depend on cell excitability. Therefore, excitability and excitation of cells is tightly regulated. Resting membrane potential (Vm)…
Respiratory pathophysiology
The effect of disease on respiratory function is best demonstrated by changes in the measurements of air flow, lung volumes and gas transfer. Diagnosis, management and monitoring of respiratory problems…
Hypothalamus and pituitary
The endocrine system is composed of several ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers known as hormones directly into the bloodstream. At target tissues, hormones interact with specific high-affinity receptors located…
Blood pressure
Blood pressure is a measure of the pressure in the systemic cardiovascular system and is reported as central arterial pressure (i.e. equivalent to that in a large artery at the…
Immunopathology
Diseases that involve tissue damage as a consequence of inappropriate adaptive immune responses can be categorised on the basis of either the source of the stimulating antigens (allergy or autoimmunity)…
The motor system
The motor system is part of the central nervous system (CNS) and controls voluntary movements. Multiple brain regions work together to ensure coordinated motor control utilising a series of neurones…
