Basicmedical Key

Fig. 31.1 The pathway for production of uric acid from purines and the sites of action of some of the drugs used in gout and hyperuricaemia. Hyperuricaemia results from the…

Fig. 19.1 The origin of pain and suffering. Nociceptive pain is a defensive response to a variety of stimuli (e.g. mechanical, thermal or chemical) that activate nociceptor sensory units on…

Fig. 50.1 The route of drainage of aqueous humour from the eye and the sites of action of drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma.The mechanisms by which some drugs…

 Capillary and venous dilation can produce marked hypotension. In the skin, histamine contributes to the weal and flare response; an axon reflex via H1 receptors is responsible for the spread…

Fig. 15.1 Aspects of the bladder/prostate structures and the innervation involved in the micturition reflex.Bladder filling provides neuronal signals to the micturition centre via sensory input from purinoceptors on neurons…

 Corticosteroids (Ch. 44) are often used to treat an acute relapse (e.g. intravenous methylprednisolone for 3 days or oral prednisolone for 3 weeks). They probably shorten the duration of an…

 resting, when the channel is closed but able to open in response to a change in transmembrane potential,  open, when the channel opens in response to an action potential and…

Fig. 16.1 Cross-section of the penis, showing structures involved in erection.This diagram shows only part of the rich nervous and vascular filling and drainage system in the penis. The left-hand…

Fig. 27.1 Acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction. (A) The released ACh acts upon postsynaptic nicotinic N2 receptors on the motor endplate, opening cation channels and an influx of Na+…

 increased receptor destruction by complement binding,  crosslinking of receptors, which causes increased receptor internalisation,  receptor blockade by steric hindrance. The result is that fewer functional receptors are available for ACh,…