CHAPTER 7 Biological Membranes and Membrane Transport CHAPTER OUTLINE Composition and Structure of Biological Membranes Activities of Biological Membranes Membrane Channels Membrane Transporters The Na+/K+-ATPases The ABC Family of Transporters The…
CHAPTER 31 Nitrogen: Amino Acid–Derived Biomolecules CHAPTER OUTLINE Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Function Tyrosine-Derived Neurotransmitters Tryptophan-Derived Neurotransmitters GABA: Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Creatine and Creatinine Biosynthesis Glutathione Functions Polyamine Biosynthesis High-Yield Terms…
CHAPTER 26 Lipids: Cholesterol Metabolism CHAPTER OUTLINE Cholesterol: Physiologically and Clinically Significant Lipid Cholesterol Biosynthesis Critical Enzymes Origin of Carbon Atoms in Cholesterol Reactions of Cholesterol Synthesis Regulation of Cholesterol…
CHAPTER 18 Ethanol Metabolism CHAPTER OUTLINE Ethanol-Metabolizing Pathways Enzymes of Ethanol Metabolism: ADHs Enzymes of Ethanol Metabolism: ALDHs Acetate From EtOH Metabolism and Fatty Liver Microsomal Ethanol Oxidation System Ethanol…
CHAPTER 48 Cardiovascular Disease: The Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis CHAPTER OUTLINE The Cardiovascular System Endothelial Cells Insulin Action and Endothelial Functions Introduction to the Metabolic Syndrome Genetic Factors in the…
CHAPTER 19 Lipids: Fatty Acid Synthesis CHAPTER OUTLINE De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis Origin of Cytoplasmic Acetyl-CoA ATP-Citrate Lyase: Role in Epigenetics Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis ChREBP: Master Lipid…
CHAPTER 13 Carbohydrates: Gluconeogenesis, the Synthesis of New Glucose CHAPTER OUTLINE Critical Bypass Reactions of Gluconeogenesis Pyruvate to Phosphoenolpyruvate, Bypass 1 Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate to Fructose 6-Phosphate, Bypass 2 Glucose 6-Phosphate…
CHAPTER 44 Gut-Brain Interactions and Feeding Behaviors CHAPTER OUTLINE The Gut-Brain Connection Gastrointestinal Hormones and Peptides Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Oxyntomodulin Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Cholecystokinin Ghrelin Obestatin Pancreatic Polypeptide Protein Tyrosine Tyrosine…
CHAPTER 6 Hemoglobin and Myoglobin CHAPTER OUTLINE Myoglobin Hemoglobin Oxygen-Binding Characteristics Role of 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate The Hemoglobin Genes The Hemoglobinopathies High-Yield Terms Heme: is formed when iron is inserted into the chemical…
CHAPTER 4 Nucleic Acids CHAPTER OUTLINE Nucleoside and Nucleotide Structure and Nomenclature Nucleotide Derivatives Nucleotide Derivatives in tRNAs Synthetic Nucleotide Analogs Polynucleotides High-Yield Terms Nucleoside: refers to the complex of nonphosphorylate…
