Melanosis Coli Sharon K. Bihlmeyer, MD Key Facts Terminology Presence of melanin-like pigment in intestinal mucosa Etiology/Pathogenesis Close association with anthraquinone drugs including cascara sagrada, aloe, rhubarb, senna, and frangula…
Preparation Artifacts Julianne K. Purdy, MD Key Facts Clinical Issues Colonic mucosal changes resolve within 2 weeks Macroscopic Features Small aphthoid lesions with pale center and erythematous halo Mainly in…
Endometriosis Sharon K. Bihlmeyer, MD Key Facts Terminology Diagnosis requires 2 of 3 findings Glands, stroma, or hemorrhage Etiology/Pathogenesis Unopposed estrogen therapy increased risk of malignancy in endometriosis Clinical Issues…
Diverticular Disease Sharon K. Bihlmeyer, MD Key Facts Terminology Outpouching from tubular structure True diverticula involve all layers False diverticula when outpouching only involves some of layers (mucosa and submucosa)…
Motility Disorders Scott R. Owens, MD Key Facts Macroscopic Features Sampling of both dilated and normal-appearing areas important Affected organ(s) may be massively dilated Megacolon, megaesophagus, megajejunum, etc. Mucosal stercoral…
Goblet Cell Carcinoid/Mixed Adenocarcinoma-Carcinoid Scott R. Owens, MD Key Facts Terminology Goblet cell carcinoid Proliferation of mucin-producing cells with features of both neuroendocrine and crypt/glandular differentiation Clinical Issues Some suggest…
Hirschsprung Disease Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD Key Facts Terminology Heterogeneous developmental disorder Absent ganglion cells in distal large intestine Etiology/Pathogenesis Failure of neural crest cell migration (embryogenesis) 5-10% familial,…
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms Scott R. Owens, MD Key Facts Terminology Mucinous cystic neoplasm Circumferential proliferation of low-grade or high-grade dysplastic, mucin-producing epithelium that may distend appendix and fill it with…
Carcinoid Tumor, Appendix Scott R. Owens, MD Key Facts Clinical Issues Found in up to 1.5% of patients undergoing appendectomy Appendiceal CTs occur at younger mean age than CTs in…
Serrated Polyps, Appendix Scott R. Owens, MD Key Facts Clinical Issues May present as acute appendicitis May be incidental finding If no invasive carcinoma present, prognosis is excellent Macroscopic Features…
