Cyanosis

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Cyanosis

Cyanosis Cyanosis is the abnormal blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes resulting from the presence of 5 g/dL or more of reduced haemoglobin in the blood. It is not…

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Convulsions

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Convulsions

Convulsions A convulsion is a series of involuntary violent contractions of voluntary muscles. Causes Neurological • Epilepsy • Febrile convulsions Traumatic • Head injuries Metabolic • Hypoxia • Glucose • Electrolyte abnormalities, e.g. calcium, sodium • Uraemia…

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Constipation

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Constipation

Constipation Constipation is a common complaint that results from decreased frequency of abnormally firm motions for a particular patient. It must be related to the patient’s normal bowel habit. Acute…

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Confusion

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Confusion

Confusion Confusion is a behavioural state of reduced mental clarity, coherence, comprehension and reasoning. The causes may be organic or psychiatric (the reader is referred to a textbook of psychiatry…

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Ascites

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Ascites

Ascites Ascites is the accumulation of excess free fluid in the peritoneal cavity (Fig. 5). Figure 5 CT scan of ascites.There is free fluid throughout the peritoneal cavity (arrows). Causes…

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Swellings

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Swellings

Axillary Swellings The great majority of axillary swellings are enlarged lymph nodes. Axillary nodes are often enlarged due to secondary deposits from carcinoma of the breast. Most axillary swellings are…

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Swellings

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Swellings

Arm Swellings Swelling may be localised or generalised. Localised swellings may be related to joints or fractures. Localised swellings around joints are covered in the section on Joint disorders (p….

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