Nail changes
192 Nail changes Instruction Look at these nails. Salient features • Disorders of the nail bed: • Terry’s nail (Fig. 192.1): brownish-red distal transverse band; occurs normally in the elderly,…
Acanthosis nigricans
167 Acanthosis nigricans Instruction Perform a general examination. Salient features History • Age (>40 years of age more likely to be associated with malignancy; in younger individuals more likely to…
Age-related macular degeneration (senile macular degeneration)
214 Age-related macular degeneration (senile macular degeneration) Instruction Look at this patient’s fundus. Salient features History • Often visual loss is detected when one eye is covered for testing visual…
Superior vena caval obstruction
231 Superior vena caval obstruction Instruction Look at this patient. Salient features History • Headache • Dysphagia • Dyspnoea • Wheezes • Blackouts • Oedema of the face. Examination •…
Diabetic retinopathy
201 Diabetic retinopathy Instruction Examine the fundus in these patients. • You will be expected to comment on whether it is background (Fig. 201.1) or proliferative (Fig. 201.2) retinopathy. •…
Dupuytren’s contracture
219 Dupuytren’s contracture Instruction Look at this patient’s hands. Salient features History • Family history (there is a genetic predisposition) • Cigarette smoking (J Bone Joint Surg 1997;79B:206–10) • Alcohol…
Diabetic foot
215 Diabetic foot Instruction Examine this patient’s legs. Examine this patient’s feet. Neuropathic foot Salient features History • Whether there is pain (usually painless neuropathy, but may be painful) •…
Malignant melanoma
194 Malignant melanoma Instruction Look at this skin lesion. Salient features History • Age (<50 and location on trunk has better prognosis) • Family history (a patient with a dysplastic…
Sturge–Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis)
183 Sturge–Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis) Instruction Look at this patient’s face. Salient features History • Obtain history of seizures (focal or generalized) • Hemiparesis, hemisensory disturbance • Ipsilateral glaucoma •…
