Figure 1-1. General structure of a neuron. This is an artist’s conception of the generic structure of a neuron. All neurons have a cell body known as the soma, which…

Disorder Pathology Alzheimer’s disease Amyloid/tau pathology Dementia with Lewy bodiesParkinson’s dementiaMultisystem atrophy Alpha-synuclein pathology Frontotemporal dementiaProgressive supranuclear palsyCorticobasilar degeneration Tau pathology Huntington’s diseaseSpinocerebellar ataxia Trinucleotide repeat Wilson’s disease (copper)Hallervorden–Spatz disease…

Figure 14-1. Impulsive–compulsive disorder construct. Impulsivity and compulsivity are seen in a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. Impulsivity can be thought of as the inability to stop the initiation of…

Figure 11-1. Arousal spectrum of sleep and wakefulness. One’s state of arousal is more complicated than simply being “awake” or “asleep.” Rather, arousal exists as if on a dimmer switch,…

Figure 3-1. Ligand-gated ion channel gatekeeper. This schematic shows a ligand-gated ion channel. In panel A, a receptor is serving as a molecular gatekeeper that acts on instruction from neurotransmission…

Figure 2-1. The molecular targets of psychotropic drugs. There are only a few major sites of action for the wide expanse of psychotropic drugs utilized in clinical practice. Approximately one-third…

Pain An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage Acute pain Pain that is of short duration and…

Figure 8-1. Mania-minded treatments. Although the ideal “mood stabilizer” would treat both mania and bipolar depression while also preventing episodes of either pole, in reality there is as yet no…