Basic Theory of Pharmacology for Alzheimer’s Disease
(1) Toyonaka, Japan 1.1 From the First Report of Alzheimer’s Disease to Its Establishment as a Concept An illness, later to be named Alzheimer’s disease (AD), was first reported…
PHARMACY
How Do We Use Symptomatic Drugs to Treat Dementia?
(1) Toyonaka, Japan 6.1 Introduction Symptomatic drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) target neurotransmitters. The cholinergic nervous system is closely involved in memory and learning. The AD brain shows a…
The Practical Pharmacology of Donepezil
(1) Toyonaka, Japan 2.1 Introduction From 1976 to 1977, three British groups established the acetylcholine (ACh) hypothesis, which claims that the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), an ACh synthase,…
Practical Pharmacology of Rivastigmine
, Ignacio Flores2 and Roser Ribosa-Nogué3 (1) Barcelona, Spain (2) Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Martín, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (3) Unitat de Memòria, Servei de Neurologia, Hospital de la Santa…
Practical Pharmacology of Memantine
(1) Southhampton, United Kingdom 5.1 Introduction Memantine is a noncompetitive, voltage-dependent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. It is licensed for the treatment of moderate to severe AD in the USA…
Drug Antagonism
Orthosteric Drug Effects Outline Bi-Molecular Systems51 New Terminology52 What is Drug Antagonism?53 Antagonist Potency53 Mechanism(s) of Receptor Antagonism54 Orthosteric (Competitive and Non-Competitive) Antagonism56 Slow Dissociation Kinetics and Non-Competitive Antagonism62 Partial…
Pharmacokinetics II
Distribution and Multiple Dosing Outline Drugs in Motion: In Vivo Pharmacokinetics155 New Terminology156 The Central Compartment and In Vivo Clearance156 Renal Excretion159 Drug Distribution162 Pharmacokinetics In Vivo166 Scaling Data to…
In Vivo Pharmacology
185 New Terminology188 The “Dose” in Dose–Response189 What Constitutes Drug Response?194 The Importance of Kinetics In Vivo199 Summary207 The ultimate therapeutic value of a molecule is determined by its effect…
Drug Affinity and Efficacy
19 New Terminology20 Agonist Selectivity20 Affinity20 Efficacy26 Drugs with Multiple Efficacies29 Quantifying Agonist Activity32 Descriptive Pharmacology: II34 Summary35 This chapter specifically discusses the concepts of affinity (expressed as a ratio…
Pharmacokinetics I
Permeation and Metabolism Outline The Importance of Drug Concentration125 New Terminology132 “Drug-Like” Properties of Molecules133 Drug Absorption135 Drug Metabolism142 Oral Bioavailability150 Summary152 This chapter discusses how the body is a…
