Fig. 18.1 In normal urothelium and in reactive atypia CK20 expression is limited to the umbrella cell layer (a); CD44 stains predominantly the basal cell layer, although patchy positivity can…
Feature Described association Reference Tumor-related characteristics Lymph node involvement (N stage) Survival outcome, RFS Pantuck [74] Distant metastases (M stage) Survival outcome Zisman et al. [18] Fuhrman grade Survival outcome, RFS…
Gleason grades/score Usual scenario: primary + secondary patterns Special scenarios: see Tables 4.2 and 4.3 Number of positive cores Tumor quantitation/extent (percent involvement and/or linear extent in mm) Treatment-related changes Table…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Cristina Magi-Galluzzi and Christopher G. Przybycin (eds.)Genitourinary Pathology10.1007/978-1-4939-2044-0_42 42. Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Testicular Tumors Pallavi A. Patil1 and Cristina Magi-Galluzzi1 (1) Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Robert J. Tomsich…
Familial syndrome Gene localization Candidate gene/locus Gene function Testicular lesion/s Familial germ cell tumors 12q22 5q31 KITLG SPRY4 Inhibitor of the MAPK signaling pathway Inhibitor of the MAPK signaling pathway…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Cristina Magi-Galluzzi and Christopher G. Przybycin (eds.)Genitourinary Pathology10.1007/978-1-4939-2044-0_38 38. Clinical Implications of the Different Histologic Subtypes of Testicular Tumors Timothy Gilligan1 (1) Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code R359500…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Cristina Magi-Galluzzi and Christopher G. Przybycin (eds.)Genitourinary Pathology10.1007/978-1-4939-2044-0_32 32. Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Renal Cell Carcinoma Fang-Ming Deng1 and Ming Zhou1 (1) Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical…
pT0: No evidence of primary tumor pTa: Noninvasive papillary carcinoma pTis: Carcinoma in situ pT1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue ( lamina propria) pT2:Tumor invades muscularis propria pT2a: Inner half…
Fig. 6.1 Urethroscopic/cystoscopic appearance of primary papillary urothelial carcinoma of the prostatic urethra. Note the visual similarity to Fig. 6.2 depicting a prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma Fig. 6.2 Urethroscopic/cystoscopic appearance of prostatic…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Cristina Magi-Galluzzi and Christopher G. Przybycin (eds.)Genitourinary Pathology10.1007/978-1-4939-2044-0_20 20. Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Urothelial Carcinoma Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie1 and Gopa Iyer2 (1) Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,…
