Germ cell tumors Intratubular germ cell neoplasia Seminoma Classic With syncytiotrophoblastic cells Spermatocytic seminoma (mention if there is sarcomatous component) Embryonal carcinoma Yolk sac tumor Choriocarcinoma Teratoma (specify if with…

Fig. 22.1 a This is a perifascial radical nephrectomy with massive main renal vein involvement by clear cell renal cell carcinoma . Gerota’s fascia is intact and visible as a…

Primary tumor (T) TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor a T2 Organ-confined disease T2a Unilateral disease, one-half of one lobe or less T2b Unilateral…

Urothelial carcinoma variants Key morphologic features Urothelial carcinoma with divergent differentiation  Urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation Urothelial carcinoma with clear-cut squamous features including keratin production and/or presence of desmosomes Urothelial…

Fig. 12.1 Normal microscopic anatomy of the bladder (actin immunohistochemical stain). The urothelium rests on a lamina propria composed of connective tissue, vessels, and nerves. A few small wisps of…

Fig. 36.1 A large necrotic metastasis which has necessitated a nephrectomy after chemotherapy. The testis is also seen below with a much smaller mass showing teratoma The techniques used therefore…

Fig. 29.1 Clear cell RCC, ISUP grade 2. H & E × 100 Cysts are a common element of VHL. They vary in size, and may be lined by rows…

Fig. 37.1 Seminoma with marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate overwhelming the tumor cells 2. Intertubular seminoma:   Seminoma cells usually form a solid sheet and displace the seminiferous tubules. However, the cells…

Fig. 34.1 Descent of the testis. (Reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art & Photography © 2014. All Rights Reserved.) Embryology also explains the metastatic patterns of spread…