ValueReference range Arterial pH7.507.35–7.45 Sodium (mmol/L)146137–145 Potassium (mmol/L)2.73.2–4.5 Bicarbonate (mmol/L)3726–35 Creatinine (μmol/L)9750–100 C-reactive protein (mg/L)2.1<10 Plasma renin (μIU/mL)2.17.0–50.0 33. A 48-year-old woman presents with headache, blurred vision and palpitations. She…

ValueReference ranges Serum bilirubin (mmol/L)1102–24 Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)65030–110 Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)240<45 A. Granulomatous changes of hepatocytes B. Fatty changes of the liver parenchyma C. Piecemeal necrosis and fibrosis around portal…

A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive C. Autosomal dominant with sex limitation D. X-linked dominant E. X-linked recessive Clinical 9. Which one of the following statements concerning familial adenomatous polyposis…

ValueReference range Cardiac output (L/min)4.15.2–7.4 Central venous pressure (mmHg)92–6 Right atrial pressure (mmHg)101–5 Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg)4015–25 Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (mmHg)45–12 5. A 70-year-old woman is hypotensive and…

A. Bullous pemphigoid B. Cutaneous lichen planus C. Dermatitis herpetiforms D. Eczema E. Porphyria cutanea tarda 6. Which one of the following factors is most important in determining the prognosis…

ValueReference range Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (s)7926–38 APTT correction (immediate mix) (s)3826–38 APTT correction (2-h incubation) (s)7926–38 International normalised ratio (INR)1.10.9–1.2 Fibrinogen (g/L)3.22.0–4.0 A. Von Willebrand disease B. Disseminated…

Opening pressure 10 cmH20 Lymphocyte count 4 × 106/L (<5 × 106/L) Glucose 3.8 mmol/L (serum glucose 5.6 mmol/L) Total protein 0.33 g/L (0.10–0.65 g/L) Gram stain No organisms seenAdditional laboratory investigations show normal…