and children
12 Infants and children One of the challenges of paediatric medicine and child health is dealing with a range of patients, from the preterm newborn weighing less than 1 kg to…
GENERAL SURGERY
breasts and genitalia
8 Female breasts and genitalia The clinical assessment of the reproductive system is often neglected in routine examinations because of patients’ discomfort and embarrassment and because of doctors’ reluctance to…
respiratory system
5 The respiratory system Disease of the respiratory tract accounts for more consultations with general practitioners than any other of the body systems. It is also responsible for more new…
nose and throat
4 Ear, nose and throat The ear Structure of the ear A diagrammatic cross-section of the external, middle and inner parts of the ear is shown in Figure 4.1. Fig….
male genitalia
9 The male genitalia Unlike the female genitalia, the male organs are readily accessible for examination. As for women, taking a sexual case history and examining a male is embarrassing…
medical history and record taking
1 Consultation, medical history and record taking The ability to take an accurate medical history from a patient is one of the core clinical skills and an essential component of…
– Pediatric Surgery
Foregut – lungs, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, bile duct, and duodenum proximal to ampulla Midgut – duodenum distal to ampulla, small bowel, and large bowel to distal ⅓ of…
– Colorectal
Colon secretes K and reabsorbs Na and water (mostly in right colon and cecum) 4 layers – mucosa (columnar epithelium) → submucosa → muscularis propria → serosa • Muscularis mucosa –…
– Biliary System
Gallbladder lies beneath segments IV and V Cystic artery branches off right hepatic artery • Is found in the triangle of Calot (cystic duct [lateral], common bile duct [medial], liver [superior])…
