Gallbladder lies beneath segments IV and V   Cystic artery branches off right hepatic artery •  Is found in the triangle of Calot (cystic duct [lateral], common bile duct [medial], liver [superior])…

  Most common congenital hypercoagulable disorder – resistance to activated protein C (Leiden factor)   Most common acquired hypercoagulable disorder – smoking ATHEROSCLEROSIS STAGES   1st – foam cells → macrophages that have…

  Small intestine – nutrient and water absorption   Large intestine – water absorption   Duodenum •  Bulb (1st portion) – 90% of ulcers here •  Descending (2nd) – contains ampulla of Vater (duct of…

  Azygous vein runs along the right side and dumps into superior vena cava   Thoracic duct runs along the right side, crosses midline at T4–5, and dumps into left subclavian vein…

  Head (including uncinate), neck, body, and tail   Uncinate process – rests on aorta, behind SMV   SMV and SMA – lay behind neck of pancreas   Portal vein – forms behind the…

  Hepatic artery variants •  Right hepatic artery off superior mesenteric artery (#1 hepatic artery variant; 20%) courses behind pancreas, posterolateral to the common bile duct •  Left hepatic artery off left gastric…

  Stomach transit time 3–4 hours   Peristalsis – occurs only in distal stomach (antrum)   Gastroduodenal pain sensed through afferent sympathetic fibers T5–10   Blood supply •  Celiac trunk – left gastric, common hepatic…

  Mucosa (squamous epithelium), submucosa, and muscularis propria (longitudinal muscle layer); no serosa   Upper ⅓ esophagus – striated muscle   Middle ⅓ and lower ⅓ esophagus – smooth muscle   Vessels directly off…

  MAP = CO × SVR, CI = CO/BSA   Kidney gets 25% of CO, brain gets 15%, heart gets 5%   Preload – left ventricular end-diastolic length, linearly related to left ventricular…