Fig. 7.1 Two trocars, one 12 mm and one 5 mm, are inserted through the 30-mm skin incision in the axilla. A second 5-mm trocar is then inserted just inferior…

Fig. 17.1 Minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy (MIVAP): setup of the operative room and surgical team The monitor is placed at the head of the patient, across from the surgeon, who…

Fig. 18.1 The incision is marked and measured Prior to making the incision, a baseline assessment of background radioactivity is measured by placing the gamma probe over the thyroid isthmus…

Causes of hypercalcemia Parathyroid disease Drugs Adenoma Lithium Hyperplasia Thiazide diuretics MEN 1, MEN 2A Vitamin D toxicity Secondary hyperparathyroidism Vitamin A toxicity Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Aminophylline Carcinoma Miscellaneous Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor…

Fig. 10.1 Positioning of the patient for RFT is straightforward. While lying supine on the operating table, the head is turned 30° away from the side of surgery. A cushion…

Fig. 9.1 Soft pillow and arm board for patient positioning Fig. 9.2 External retractor for maintaining the working space Fig. 9.3 Devices for developing the working space For the robotic…

Fig. 5.1 Preoperative photograph demonstrating both a healed mini-incision at 3 weeks on the left and matching skin crease 2.5-cm mini-incision placement on the right in a patient undergoing completion…

Fig. 3.1 Paolo Miccoli and his colleagues in Pisa developed a minimally invasive cervical approach that relies on endoscopic assistance to achieve and incision as small as ¾ in., with…

  Year Ref. First MIVAT performed in Pisa 1998  First series reported in literature 1999 Miccoli et al.1 MIVAT and CT demonstrate similar surgical results 2001 Miccoli et al.2 MIVAT…

Fig. 12.1 A 6-cm incision site is marked within a horizontal neck crease At this point the fascia overlying the submandibular gland is incised at the most inferior aspect of…