Model Dissemination and/ or implementation Description Diffusion of Innovations D-only Explains the factors and processes contributing to how, why, and how quickly new advances are spread and adopted in societies…

Fig. 16.1 Example of questions from the Decision Quality Instrument © for breast cancer surgery 16.3 Interventions to Improve Decisions 16.3.1 Why Intervene? Reports of large geographic practice variations in…

Fig. 15.1 Forest plot depicting pooled random effects meta-analysis and subgroup estimates according to dual versus single ring structure of wound protector For RCTs, absolute measures, such as the risk…

Fig. 19.1 The four domains of a successful student research program The best mentors for students are actually other students and trainees. Every senior medical student working on research with…

The mentor’s roles and responsibilities  Traditional view Newer view Paternalistic Empowering Boss/authority Friend/partner Stern/strict Inspiring In charge Let’s go Protective Protective “Raise” the mentee “Develop” the mentee The mentee’s roles…

Treatment choice Selection factor Expected selection bias Expected results from biases alone Estimated strength of effect Chemo vs. no in several clinical scenarios General health Chemo prescribed only for healthier…

Fig. 9.1 Safety hierarchy model Table 9.1 Safety constructs: levels of analysis, construct stability, and modifiability Safety construct Levels of analysis Concept stability/difficulty to modify Safety attitude Individuals and small…