Pericardial Window This procedure is performed for treatment of pericardial effusions. The most common indication is malignancy. Two approaches are described here—the open subxiphoid approach and the thoracoscopic approach. Rarely,…
Median Sternotomy and Thymectomy M. Victoria Gerken Phillip C. Camp Steps in Procedure Mark the midline of the skin and create incision from sternal notch to 1 to 2 cm…
Mediastinoscopy and Mediastinotomy Phillip C. Camp M. Victoria Gerken The surgeon is frequently called on to evaluate mediastinal lymph nodes. This may be done for diagnosis of an isolated mediastinal…
Introduction The mediastinum is the “thoracic space” between the two pleural sacs, the root word originally meaning septum. The mediastinum extends from the thoracic inlet cephalad to the superior surface…
Axillary Node Biopsy and Axillary Node Dissection Laura A. Adam Neal W. Wilkinson Axillary lymph node dissection typically refers to the more limited resection of topographic group I and group…
Palpable and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsies Laura A. Adam Simple node excisions are utilized for excision of palpable nodes and in conjunction with a sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure. Although…
Mastectomy: Total (Simple), Modified, and Classic Radical Total (sometimes called simple) mastectomy removes all the glandular tissue of the breast. It is sometimes required for treatment of extensive ductal carcinoma…
Breast Biopsy and Lumpectomy This chapter describes how palpable and nonpalpable masses are excised. Every effort should be made before surgery to determine whether the mass is benign or malignant,…
New Techniques— Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Breast Interventions and Oncoplastic Techniques This chapter summarizes new techniques in two separate areas—first, the use of ultrasound to guide percutaneous interventions; second, the emerging area…
Venous Access: The Subclavian Vein and the Cephalic Vein in the Deltopectoral Groove Percutaneous cannulation of the subclavian vein is frequently used for rapid access to the central venous circulation….
