Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layer Papillary Reticular Composition Keratinocytes Melanocytes Langerhan cells Merkel cells Collagen Elastic fibers Fibroblasts Collagen Elastic fibers Reticular fibers Fibroblasts Small adipocyte clusters Predominantly adipose tissue…
Fig. 1.1 Egyptian surgical instruments – on a bas-relief in the “Birth House” at Kom Ombos, Egypt, B.C. 146 (Wellcome Library, London. Wellcome Images) The origin of the word surgery comes…
Informal mentoring Formal mentoring Simpler to execute due to lower expectations Greater workforce, monitoring, communication & administration May be less successful despite high satisfaction levels Training is not necessary Support…
Country considerations Placement considerations Low-resource/developing country vs. high-resource/developed country Budget Visa and home office restrictions Language Time of year e.g. Monsoon season Cultural experience Opportunities for holiday Particular specialty or…
Fig. 6.1 Role of the anaesthetist (Image drawn by Akhil Gupta 2014) In the post-operative setting, the anaesthetist may provide an enhanced level of care in the high dependency unit…
Fig. 14.1 Schematic of the eye with ocular structures labelled Table 14.1 Description of ocular structures (anterior to posterior) Structure Comments Cornea A transparent, avascular structure that joins the sclera…
Fig. 15.1 Grommet Indications Bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME) of longer than 3 months duration. Recurrent acute otitis media (AOM). Complications of AOM e.g. mastoiditis or facial nerve palsy….
Fig. 19.1 McBurney’s point can be found 2/3 of the distance from the umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine An appendix can be removed by an open procedure…
Fig. 13.1 Arterial supply of the cerebrum Venous Drainage This system drains into the internal jugular vein. Notably, the bridging veins of the superior sagittal sinus are vulnerable to rupture…
1805 P. Bozzini Inventor of “Lichtleiter” Composed of Mirrors, a wax candle for illumination and an urethral cannula used to visualise GU tract 1853 A. J. Desormeaux “Father of endoscopy”…
