Simple Mastectomy Michael S. Sabel Lisa Newman DEFINITION A simple mastectomy, also commonly referred to as a total mastectomy, is the surgical removal of all breast tissue, including the nipple-areolar…

Internal Mammary Sentinel Node Biopsy A. Marilyn Leitch DEFINITION Internal mammary node dissection is performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This surgery is generally performed in conjunction with breast…

Fine Needle Aspiration of a Breast Mass Judy C. Pang Claire W. Michael DEFINITION Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is a percutaneous procedure that uses a fine gauge needle with…

Subareolar Duct Excision Amy C. Degnim DEFINITION Subareolar duct excision is defined as the surgical removal of lactiferous ducts in the immediate subareolar space. The terms “major duct excision” or…

Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction Amy S. Colwell DEFINITION Mastectomy is increasingly performed for breast cancer treatment or risk reduction in high-risk patients. The goal of breast reconstruction is to rebuild the…

Total Mesorectal Excision with Coloanal Anastomosis: Laparoscopic Technique John H Marks Elsa B. Valsdottir DEFINITION Total mesorectal excision with coloanal anastomosis via a transanal abdominal transanal proctosigmoidectomy (TATA) is defined…

Restorative Proctocolectomy: Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Robert R. Cima DEFINITION An ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is a restorative procedure used when the entire colon and rectum needs to…

Restorative Proctocolectomy: Single-Incision Laparoscopic Technique (Including Pouch Ileoanal Anastomosis) Theodoros Voloyiannis DEFINITION Single-incision laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy, including pouch ileoanal anastomosis with temporary diverting loop ileostomy, is another application of the…

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer Anees B. Chagpar DEFINITION Sentinel node biopsy is a minimally invasive means to accurately stage the axilla in breast cancer patients. PATIENT HISTORY…

Wire Localized Breast Biopsy Michael S. Sabel DEFINITION The wire-localized excisional biopsy (or needle-localized biopsy) is used to obtain tissue for the diagnosis of a nonpalpable, image-detected abnormality. There are…