Exploration
Fig. 1.1 Zones of the neck Fig. 1.2 Partial sternotomy for low tracheal injuries In the ED: Hemorrhage Control and Systematic Assessment Severe active hemorrhage from a neck wound might…
GENERAL SURGERY
Endovascular Balloon for Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) and Other Endovascular Techniques
Fig. 13.1 There are several commercially available catheters for endovascular occlusion of the aorta. Pictured is the ER-REBOA catheter (Prytime Medical) with an arterial and balloon port, measurement markings, and…
and Spleen
Fig. 7.1 Liver anatomy Manual Compression and Hepatic Packing (Fig. 7.2) Upon initial entry into the abdominal cavity, control of hemorrhage can be temporarily achieved by manually compressing the injured…
Cava Injury
Fig. 8.1 (a–c) Hematoma Fig. 8.2 (a–d) Kocher. (e) Low pressure in the cava vein allows bleeding control, which can be achieved by a gentle fingertip Fig. 8.3 (a) and…
Penetrating Trauma
Fig. 3.1 A finger placed against the vertebral bodies as temporary occlusion Fig. 3.2 The sac is captured with a Kelly forceps and the incision is made with a scissor,…
Effector Mechanisms of T Cell–Mediated Immunity: Functions of T Cells in Host Defense
Host defense in which T lymphocytes serve as effector cells is called cell-mediated immunity. T cells are essential for eliminating microbes that survive and replicate inside cells and for eradicating…
Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity: Elimination of Extracellular Microbes and Toxins
Humoral immunity is the type of host defense mediated by secreted antibodies that is necessary for protection against extracellular microbes and their toxins. Antibodies prevent infections by blocking microbes from…
Immunology of Tumors and Transplantation: Immune Responses to Cancer Cells and Normal Foreign Cells
Cancer and organ transplantation are two situations in which the immune response to human cells that are genetically distinct from the normal self has important clinical consequences. In order for…
Humoral Immune Responses: Activation of B Lymphocytes and Production of Antibodies
Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies and is the arm of the adaptive immune response that functions to neutralize and eliminate extracellular microbes and microbial toxins. Humoral immunity is the…
Hypersensitivity: Disorders Caused by Immune Responses
The concept that the immune system is required for defending the host against infections has been emphasized throughout this book. However, immune responses are themselves capable of causing tissue injury…
