Diagnosis Comments Hemarthrosis, bone infarct History of hemophilia or sickle cell disease Septic arthritis Fever, unwillingness to bear weight or range a knee held constantly around 30° of flexion. Neisseria…
Diagnosis History and physical examination Ruptured AAA Elderly; Caucasian; male; smoker with sudden onset of severe abdominal, left flank, left groin, and/or lower back pain; pulsatile abdominal mass; tachycardia; and…
Diagnosis Specific findings Adhesions Prior abdominal surgery, dilated loops of bowel with transition point to decompressed bowel on contrast study Enteric duplication cyst Fluid-filled structure not contiguous with stomach or…
Disease Pathophysiology Symptoms Claudication Atherosclerotic plaque obstructing blood flow Pain with walking Relieved with a few minutes of rest Reproducible at the same walking distance Osteoarthritis of the hip or…
Diagnosis Comments Testicular torsion Tender and swollen testicle that is displaced superiorly; mass may be felt in spermatic cord, absent cremasteric reflex, nausea, vomiting Torsion of testicular or epididymal appendage…
Diagnosis Pertinent positives and negatives Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) Burning abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating. History of using a PPI or H2 blocker. Pain presents post-prandially and usually resolves on…
Diagnosis History and physical/other Mimicking features Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Abdominal pain, severe cramps, weight loss, bloody diarrhea, anemia, enterocutaneous fistula/anal fissures (Crohn’s), toxic megacolon (ulcerative colitis) Crohn’s can present…
Diagnosis History and Physical Comments Pneumonia Fever, dyspnea, dullness to percussion, prolonged intubation, aspiration, PPI use → ↑gastric pH leading to ↑gram-negative bacteria growth in stomach Most common cause of…
Etiology History and Physical Septic arthritis Triad of fever, pain, and impaired range of motion; typically have underlying joint disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) Lyme disease Ixodes tick bite (Borrelia burgdorferi);…
Diagnosis Common features Distinguishing features Gastroschisis Medial abdominal wall defect with evisceration of abdominal contents No membrane over abdominal contents Evisceration usually to the right of umbilical stalk Higher risk…
