Clinical Anatomy of Lower Extremity
Fig. 5.1 Gluteal region Fig. 5.2 Nervous anatomy of lower limb The following structures emerge from the pelvis through greater sciatic foramen into the gluteal region: 1. Above the piriformis…
GENERAL SURGERY
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection
Types of NF Etiology Organism(s) Clinical progress Mortality Type I (70–80 % cases) Polymicrobial/synergistic, often bowel flora derived Mixed anaerobes and aerobes More indolent, better prognosis, easier to recognize clinically…
Microbiology of Ulcer
B. Impaired healing of wound: 8.8 Infective Causes of Ulcer 8.8.1 Infectious Causes of Limb Ulcers Ulceration in the lower extremity may be due to infectious agents. Diverse…
Arterial Ulcer
Arterial occlusion Peripheral arterial disease (arteriosclerosis) Diabetes Arterial thrombosis ⁄ macrothromboembolism and microthromboembolism (fibrin, platelets) Fat embolism (hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia) Detachment of cholesterol-containing plaques from aorta, aneurysm, or atrium (atrial fibrillation)…
Melanoma of the Extremity
Fig. 23.1 Melanoma, back of thigh Fig. 23.2 Superficial spreading type Fig. 23.3 Nodular melanoma with ulcer fixed to the bone 23.7 Staging of Melanoma The clinical staging of…
Lymphatic Ulcer of Lower Limb
Fig. 15.1 Large foot ulcer in lymphedema of the lower limb stage IV. This ulcer requires debridement and long-term topical therapy concurrently with procedures for decrease of edema of the…
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Race Incidence Caucasian [20] 30–360 per 100,000 Hispanic [21] ~20 per 100,000 Black [7] ~3 per 100,000 Japanese [18] ~20 per 100,000 Chinese [14] 6–9 per 100,000 Asian, Indian [17]…
Venous Ulcer
Fig. 10.1 (a) In a limb with normal venous pump, effects of exercise on calf volume and venous pressure measured on the dorsum of the foot. (b) Effects of exercise…
Atypical Leg Ulceration
Fig. 21.1 Peripheral symmetrical gangrene involving all four limbs Fig. 21.2 Peripheral symmetrical gangrene involving both lower limbs 21.5 Metabolic Disorders 21.5.1 Necrobiosis Lipoidica Necrobiosis lipoidica is a rare chronic…
Approach to a Case of Ulcer of Lower Extremity
Physical or chemical injury Pressure (decubitus), chemical (corrosive agents) following sclerotherapy, self-inflicted Malignancy Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, metastatic cancer Drug induced Steroid ulcers, halogens, ergotamine,…
