GPCR: G-protein coupled receptor

Physiological processes (e.g. nervous conduction, the release of transmitters and hormones, muscle contractility) depend on cell excitability. Therefore, excitability and excitation of cells is tightly regulated. Resting membrane potential (Vm)…

The purpose of the cardiovascular system is to ensure perfusion of the tissues with blood, allowing for the delivery of nutrients and oxygen, and the removal of metabolites including CO2….

The effect of disease on respiratory function is best demonstrated by changes in the measurements of air flow, lung volumes and gas transfer. Diagnosis, management and monitoring of respiratory problems…

The endocrine system is composed of several ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers known as hormones directly into the bloodstream. At target tissues, hormones interact with specific high-affinity receptors located…

Blood pressure is a measure of the pressure in the systemic cardiovascular system and is reported as central arterial pressure (i.e. equivalent to that in a large artery at the…

Enzymes are biological catalysts that are involved in most biochemical reactions. As with catalysts in chemistry, they speed up chemical reactions and this is achieved by lowering the activation energy…