Key Points Retroperitoneal mass: no movement with respiration, difficult to delineate, resonant to percussion. Bowel masses: often mobile, may be well defined. Pelvic mass: difficult to ‘get below’, bimanually palpable…

Definition An abdominal swelling is an abnormal protuberance that arises from the abdominal cavity or the abdominal wall and may be general or localized, acute or chronic, cystic or solid….

Definition Chronic abdominal pain is usually used to refer to pain that is either long-standing, of prolonged duration or of recurrent/intermittent nature. Chronic pain may be associated with acute exacerbations….

Definitions Abdominal pain is a subjective unpleasant sensation felt in any of the abdominal regions. Acute abdominal pain is usually used to refer to pain of sudden onset, and/or short…

Definitions Vomiting is defined as the involuntary return to, and forceful expulsion from, the mouth of all or part of the contents of the stomach. Waterbrash is the sudden secretion…

Definition Dyspepsia is the feeling of discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen or lower chest. Indigestion may be used by the patient to mean dyspepsia, regurgitation symptoms or flatulence….

Definition Any fluid (which may be physiological or pathological) emanating from the nipple. Key Points Milky discharge is rarely pathological. Purulent discharge is usually benign. Bloody discharge is often associated…

Definition A breast lump is defined as any palpable mass in the breast. A breast lump is the most common presentation of both benign and malignant breast disease. Enlargement of…