Fig. 8.1 CP grade IV titanium OSSEOTITE® in 20,000× magnification The OSSEOTITE® surface was first commercialized as a hybrid designed implant, with DAE from the implant apex up to approximately…

Fig. 12.1 Traditional classification of orthodontic implants (Courtesy T. Lietz) Nomenclature There is no general agreement on the nomenclature for this type of anchorage device. The names are based either…

Parameter measured Result Reference SEM characterization Fluoride treatment reduces roughness at the micrometer scale but produces nanostructures [42, 45, 66, 67, 69, 88, 133–135] Roughness (average surface roughness/Sa, μm) 1.32–1.82…

Fig. 5.1 Surface energy measured by the OWRK method of turned, micro-textured, and nano-textured Ti-6Al-4V substrates (Source: Paulo G. Coelho’s laboratory archives) Fig. 5.2 High-resolution FE-SEM micrograph of a (left)…

Fig. 7.1 Scanning electron micrograph of anodized TiUnite implant surface. The typical porous surfaces (octopus-trap-like feature) indicate that the sparking has occurred to form oxide layer Figures 7.2 and 7.3…

Fig. 11.1 Clinical situations with compromised alveolar bone sites During the last decades great interest has been shown for biofilm formation on exposed implant surfaces and its sequelae [7]. Especially,…

Fig. 1.1 A drawing of a mechanical stylus equipment clearly demonstrating the influence of the stylus tip. The measured profile is significantly smoother than the real surface (Figure produced by…

Fig. 2.1 Eight different examples of implant thread designs. (a) Power square thread, (b) power Acme thread, (c) buttress thread, (d) reverse buttress, (e) fixture thread, (f) vertical slot thread,…

Fig. 3.1 Schematic image of the increased surface area generated by the micro-roughening procedure Along with implant macro-geometry, the increased kinetic friction naturally provides higher implant primary stability [7], which…