Bone Tumors


QUESTION 8.2






A.  Chondroblastoma



B.  Chondromyxoid fibroma



C.  Enchondroma



D.  Osteochondroma



E.  Periosteal chondroma





  3.  A tumor is removed from the third proximal phalanx of a 25-year-old man who presented with pain. The tumor expands the metaphyseal bone and produces thinning of the cortex but does not penetrate into surrounding soft tissues. Its microscopic appearance is shown in this picture. A condition characterized by numerous tumors as this one and soft tissue hemangiomas is known as:



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QUESTION 8.3




A.  Albright syndrome



B.  Gardner syndrome



C.  Maffucci syndrome



D.  Ollier disease



E.  Osteochondromatosis




  4.  A 25-year-old man presents with an enlarging mass in the left fifth finger, accompanied by pain and limitation of motion. A radiograph revealed a calcified mass attached to the surface of the middle phalanx, but not continuous with the medullary cavity of the bone. The mass is removed. H&E sections reveal a lesion consisting of cartilage, irregular areas of bone with a strikingly dark blue color, and haphazardly arranged spindle cells between bone trabeculae. The cartilage is hypercellular with nests of binucleated, bizarre chondrocytes. The spindle cell population shows no atypical features. These features are most consistent with:




A.  Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation



B.  Florid reactive periostitis



C.  Osteochondroma



D.  Parosteal osteosarcoma



E.  Subungual exostosis




  5.  A 15-year-old boy comes to medical attention because of persistent dull pain in the lower right thigh, not relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs. X-rays reveal a well-demarcated peripheral lytic defect in the distal femur. Excised, the lesion appears composed of lobules of hyaline cartilage with stellate and spindle cells within a myxoid matrix. These lobules are separated by densely cellular fibroblastic bands, giving rise to a biphasic pattern. Scattered osteoclast-like giant cells are present. Mitotic figures are not found. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?




A.  Chondroblastoma



B.  Chondromyxoid fibroma



C.  Chondrosarcoma



D.  Giant cell tumor



E.  Osteoid osteoma




  6.  A 15-year-old male has a bone lesion in the distal epiphysis of his right femur. The lesion appears as well-demarcated area of radiolucency, rimmed by sclerotic bone and extending to the articular cartilage. A biopsy reveals a highly cellular tumor composed of uniform polygonal chondroblast-like cells intermixed with giant cells within a cartilaginous and osteoid matrix, as shown in this picture. Radiologic presentation and histologic features are most consistent with:



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QUESTION 8.6




A.  Aneurysmal bone cyst



B.  Chondroblastoma



C.  Chondroma



D.  Chondrosarcoma



E.  Giant cell tumor of bone




  7.  Secondary central and secondary peripheral chondrosarcomas are morphologically identical to which of the following chondrosarcoma types?




A.  Clear cell



B.  Conventional



C.  Dedifferentiated



D.  Mesenchymal



E.  Periosteal




  8.  Which of the following is/are the most characteristic genetic alterations associated with enchondroma and chondrosarcomas?




A.  Mutations of the EXT1 or EXT2 genes



B.  Mutations of the H3F3A gene coding H3.3 histone



C.  Mutations of the H3F3B gene coding H3.3 histone



D.  Mutations of the IDH1 or IDH2 gene



E.  Rearrangement of chromosome 6 causing overexpression of GRM1




  9.  Which of the following is a correct statement concerning the grading of chondrosarcoma (CS)?




A.  Atypical cartilaginous tumor (ACT) will not recur after incomplete resection.



B.  ACT does not show encasement by a rim of reactive bone.



C.  CS grade 2 and 3 have similar survival rates.



D.  Histologic criteria allow distinguishing osteochondroma from CS.



E.  Stage is a more important prognostic indicator than grade.




Questions 10–13: Match each of the following clinical presentations with the type of chondrosarcoma depicted in the photomicrographs




10.  A 35-year-old patient presents with a 6-cm lobulated mass on the cortex of the proximal metaphysis of the right humerus. Histologic examination reveals a lobulated tumor morphologically similar to conventional chondrosarcoma. It infiltrates the soft tissue and penetrates into the cortex of the bone without reaching the medullary cavity.







11.  A 60-year-old woman has a large lytic mass in the pelvis. Biopsy shows a biphasic morphologic pattern owing to the presence of two distinct tumor cell populations.







12.  A 20-year-old man presents with a rapidly growing soft tissue mass in the right lower extremity.







13.  A 35-year-old woman has a well-demarcated lytic mass in the proximal epiphysis of her right femur. Molecular analysis on the resected tumor does not reveal IDH mutations. After resection, the tumor recurred 1 year later, and the patient undergoes a second resection. Five years after diagnosis, the patient is tumor free.



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14.  In which of the following syndromes are multiple osteomas found?




A.  Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)



B.  Gardner syndrome



C.  Maffucci syndrome



D.  McCune-Albright syndrome



E.  Ollier disease




15.  A 14-year-old male presents with a history of pain in the right leg that manifests at night and is promptly relieved by aspirin. A 1.5-cm radiolucent focus surrounded by an osteosclerotic rim is identified in the right tibia and excised. This photomicrograph demonstrates its histologic appearance. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?



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QUESTION 8.15




A.  Fibrous dysplasia



B.  Osteoblastoma



C.  Osteochondroma



D.  Osteoid osteoma



E.  Osteosarcoma




16.  Which of the following features is most important in supporting a diagnosis of osteosarcoma in an otherwise poorly differentiated mesenchymal tumor?




A.  Foci of cartilage



B.  Osteoclast-like giant cells



C.  Osteoid production



D.  Immunoreactivity for S100 protein



E.  Immunoreactivity for vimentin




17.  Which of the following conditions is responsible for most cases of osteosarcomas arising in patients older than 45 years?




A.  Fibrous dysplasia



B.  Infections



C.  Paget disease



D.  Prior radiation



E.  Trauma




18.  A 25-year-old woman complains of bone pain around the knee. A radiograph reveals a lytic lesion in the proximal tibia. A biopsy of the lesion shows a tumor composed of a spindle cell population arranged in fascicles within a matrix containing osteoid. A differential diagnosis of low-grade central osteosarcoma, conventional osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia, and desmoplastic fibroma is entertained. Which of the following immunostains would be most helpful in differentiating this variant of osteosarcoma from the other lesions?




A.  Keratin and EMA



B.  MDM2 and CDK4



C.  Osteocalcin and osteonectin



D.  S100



E.  Vimentin




19.  This variant of osteosarcoma manifests as a slow-growing, extracortical, lobulated mass arising from the metaphyses of long bones in young adults, most often in the distal posterior femur. Its characteristic radiologic appearance is shown in this photograph. Which variant is it?



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QUESTION 8.19




A.  Conventional osteosarcoma



B.  High-grade surface osteosarcoma



C.  Low-grade central osteosarcoma



B.  Parosteal osteosarcoma



D.  Periosteal osteosarcoma




20.  Which of the following variants/types of osteosarcoma is considered intermediate grade?




A.  Conventional, osteoblastic



B.  Conventional, telangiectatic



C.  Conventional, small cell



D.  High-grade surface



E.  Low-grade central



F.  Parosteal



G.  Periosteal




21.  The diagnosis of osteosarcomas. Which of the following pairs of immunohistochemical markers have been recently found to have a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for bone-forming tumors?




A.  Actin and desmin



B.  CD99 and S100



C.  EMA and keratin



D.  Osteocalcin and osteonectin



E.  SATB2 and DMP1




22.  A patient with osteosarcoma receives neoadjuvant chemotherapy before undergoing tumor resection. Which of the following parameters is the most important prognostic indicator in the resected tumor?




A.  Degree of cellular atypia



B.  Extent of necrosis



C.  Invasion of soft tissues



D.  Proliferative index



E.  Vascular invasion




23.  Among the histologic types of conventional osteosarcoma is a high-grade variant characterized by increase in tumor matrix accompanied by “normalization” of cells (decreased atypia). Which of the following is it?




A.  Chondroblastic



B.  High-grade surface



C.  Sclerosing



D.  Small cell



E.  Telangiectatic




24.  Which of the following histologic types of conventional osteosarcoma is depicted in this photomicrograph?



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QUESTION 8.24




A.  Osteoblastic



B.  Chondroblastic



C.  Sclerosing



D.  Small cell



E.  Telangiectatic




25.  Which of the following histologic types of conventional osteosarcoma has a slightly worse prognosis than the others?




A.  Chondroblastic



B.  Fibroblastic



C.  Osteoblastic



D.  Small cell



E.  Telangiectatic




26.  A 12-year-old boy complains of pain in the right thigh. X-ray studies show a radiolucent defect in the distal metaphysis of the right femur, as seen in this picture. On biopsy, this consists of a fibroblastic population arranged in a storiform pattern. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages and clusters of giant cells are also found. These features are most consistent with:



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QUESTION 8.26




A.  Benign fibrous histiocytoma



B.  Conventional osteosarcoma, fibroblastic type



C.  Desmoplastic fibroma



D.  Fibrosarcoma



E.  Nonossifying fibroma




27.  This photomicrograph demonstrates the cytologic appearance of bone lesions detected in the skull and vertebral bones of a 60-year-old patient. The cells are immunoreactive for CD138 and MUM1. Which of the following is the most typical radiographic presentation of this condition?



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QUESTION 8.27




A.  Codman triangle



B.  Expansion of bone and thickening of the cortex



C.  Onionskin appearance



D.  Punched-out osteolytic lesions



E.  Radiolucent nidus and sclerotic rim




28.  A 35-year-old man undergoes resection of an osteolytic mass in the distal epiphysis of the right femur. Grossly, the mass is soft and contains multiple blood-filled cysts and brown deposits. Histologically, it has the appearance shown in this picture. These features are most consistent with:



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QUESTION 8.28




A.  Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism



B.  Central giant cell granuloma

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Dec 23, 2016 | Posted by in PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE | Comments Off on Bone Tumors

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