Drugs and the renal system
The main function of the kidney is the excretion of waste products; it is also important in the regulation of the salt and water content of the body and in…
Drugs and the pulmonary system
The chief functions of respiration are to supply oxygen (O 2 ) and remove carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the body. The main disorders of the respiratory system are…
Drugs and the inflammatory and immune response
The term acute inflammatory reaction refers to the local events which occur in response to a disease-causing organism (pathogen). It consists of the innate immune response (non-memory) and may have…
Drugs and blood: haematopoiesis and haemostasis
Due to the fact that blood is a liquid, it can sometimes be overlooked as an organ. Blood has multiple tasks: delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissue, taking waste products…
Drugs and the cardiovascular system
Cardiac Rhythm and Dysrhythmias Antidysrhythmic drugs are agents that are used to treat disorders of heart rate and rhythm termed dysrhythmias. The normal regular contractions of the heart are initiated…
Drugs and pain
Pain (nociception) is a subjective experience with both sensory and emotional components arising from actual or potential tissue damage. It is frequently a traumatic feature of many diseases and the…
Drugs and neurological disorders
Drugs are used to treat neurodegenerative disorders, anxiety, psychosis, depression, epilepsy and pain. Neurodegenerative Disorders The very limited capacity of neurons to divide and re-establish synaptic contacts means that neuronal…
Outline of transmission and drug action in the nervous system
The nervous system controls conscious and subconscious (autonomic) activities, and the higher order processes memory, emotion and intelligence. It is composed of the following systems: • The peripheral nervous system…
Drug discovery and the development of biologicals
The use of biotechnology has led to the creation of novel classes of drugs that have transformed therapeutic approaches for various diseases that were otherwise difficult to obtain with traditional…
Molecular aspects of drug action
Drugs produce effects in the body mainly in the following ways: • By acting on receptors • By inhibiting carriers (molecules that transport one or more ions or molecules across…
