Disinfection and Sterilization Using Ozone Linda K. Weavers G. B. Wickramanayake Mikhail Shifrin Gerald McDonnell Ozone (O3), an unstable three-atom allotrope of oxygen, is formed by the excitation of molecular…
Formaldehyde Allan Bennett Thomas Pottage Formaldehyde is a monoaldehyde that exists as a gas freely soluble in water. It can be used both as an aqueous solution (formalin) for disinfection…
Prevention of Infection From Food and Water Christon J. Hurst Gerald McDonnell The subject of this chapter is microbial contaminants found either in food or in water, and the chapter…
Ethylene Oxide Sterilization Craig A. Wallace Ethylene oxide (EO), also known as epoxyethane or EO, is a colorless gas that is used as a fumigant to treat food products such…
Copper Alloy Surfaces Kill Bacteria and Reduce Infections James H. Michel Harold T. Michels Corinne A. Michels Disinfection and sterilization, as well as ordinary cleaning, are necessary for infection control….
Sterilization and Depyrogenation by Heat Daniel L. Prince Derek J. Prince In the strictest sense of the word, “sterilization” implies the complete destruction of all viable microorganisms in order to…
Surface-Active Agents John J. Merianos Gerald McDonnell Surface-active agents (surfactants) are amphiphilic compounds, which means one portion of the molecule is hydrophilic, or “water-loving,” and the other portion of the…
Chlorine Dioxide Zhao Chen Mark A. Czarneski CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Chlorine dioxide is a yellow-green gas that was first prepared by Chenevix in 1802.1 Humphrey Davy independently prepared this…
Chlorhexidine Vinod P. Menon Chlorhexidine was first synthesized in 1950 in the laboratories of Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd (London, United Kingdom) during antimicrobial research into synthetic antimalarial agents of the…
