Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, orPerianal Ulcers 1. General Management a. Genital herpes, syphilis, and chancroid have been associated with an increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and…
Symptoms and Signs Fever 1. Etiologies to think about a. Malaria, visceral leishmaniasis, African trypanosomiasis, Chagas’ disease, relapsing fever, rickettsial infections, arboviral diseases (e.g., dengue fever), rabies, typhoid/paratyphoid, leptospirosis, tuberculosis,…
Introduction Although most routine microbiology diagnostic laboratories process specimens for the diagnosis of parasitic infections, there are no best practice guidelines either for processing or for referral to specialist centers….
Introduction Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) contribute to the majority of reportable communicable diseases worldwide. More than a million STIs are acquired every day worldwide, with an estimated 357 million new…
Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States has evolved over the past three decades from an untreatable illness that predictably led to death to a chronic disease…
What Is Bacteremia? Human blood is supposed to be a sterile environment. Bacteremia is defined as the presence and detection of bacteria in blood. The body has several defense mechanisms…
Introduction Vector-borne infections include diseases caused by diverse pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites) that are transmitted to humans by a variety of vectors such as ticks, mosquitoes, lice, tsetse flies, sandflies,…
Infectious Arthritis Infectious arthritis is defined as infection of one or more joints. It can be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Acute Bacterial Arthritis Introduction Native joint septic…
A diagnostic hypothesis for a suspected central nervous system (CNS) infection has two components: an anatomic and a microbiologic or etiologic diagnosis. The anatomic diagnosis localizes the inflammation to a…
