Chapter 3 Elbow Complex
3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Significance and Function of the Elbow Complex The function of the middle joint of the upper limb (elbow joint) is to increase or decrease the distance between…
Chapter 2 Shoulder Complex
2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Significance and Function of the Shoulder Region This chapter will consider the function and pathology of the shoulder region, or shoulder complex. The shoulder complex is one…
Chapter 1 Basic Principles
“You must be relaxed to have a good tactile sense” (A. Vleeming, Berlin, 2003) 1.1 Why Do Clinicians Need Surface Anatomy? The need to locate anatomical features on living subjects…
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. An American suffers from a myocardial infarction approximately every 40 seconds. On average, men are 65 years…
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Background Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is commonly used in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting and can consist of continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD), continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), or continuous…
Computed Tomography Scan
Background A computed tomography (CT) scan is a noninvasive imaging modality that uses rotating X-ray beams and detectors to produce high-quality cross-sectional imaging of anatomic structures. The word “tomography” comes…
Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Background Continuous glucose monitoring devices provide a way for patients to approximate their blood glucose by testing the interstitial fluid via the chemical reaction of fluorescence, every 1 to 5…
Chest X-Ray
Background A chest X-ray (CXR) is a noninvasive imaging procedure that uses ionizing radiation to produce a shadow image of the anatomic structures in the thoracic cavity. The term “X-ray”…
Chest Tube
Background A thoracostomy tube is a hollow plastic tube or catheter that is used to drain air, fluid, pus, or blood from the intrathoracic space ( Fig. 15.1 ). The…
Carotid Endarterectomy
Background Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of plaque from the carotid arteries. Carotid arteries are the two major arteries located in the neck, which…
